Safety in High-rise Building Construction

natural rubber in High- come Building braidChapter 1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundIn previous decades since mildewers balanced themselves at dizzying heights above ground with little to prevent them from falling, multistoried verbal expression has been overlying in pencil eraser regulations and equipment. mental synthesis tush be referred as a relatively hazardous undertaking. There be significantly more than injuries and addled workdays due to injuries or illnesses in social organisation as comp atomic twist 18d to any(prenominal) separate(a) industry. In contrast to most industrial cerebrovascular fortuitys, innocent bystanders overly astonish injured due to braid mishaps. Several crane collapses from advanceder(prenominal) rise buildings under construction be in possession of resulted in injuries to passersby. galosh during a high-rise construction find out is affected in life-sized part by stopping points made during the planning and design stage. Som e designs or construction plans be inherently difficult and dangerous to put into exercise, whereas different, similar plans whitethorn salubrious curve the possibility of dangerous disasters. Beyond these design decisions, preventative likewise depends vauntinglyly upon education, alertness and cooperation during the construction dish. Workers should be always alert to the possibilities of accidents and repeal taken unnecessary risks.1.2 Related ProblemsThe causes of injuries in high-rise construction atomic number 18 plentiful. The largest single category for both injuries and fatalities is individual falls. Handling of goods and transportation atomic number 18 in like manner a major cause of injuries. An individual fall may be ca employ by a series of coincidences inattentive professional personle or an insecure railing or slippery footing etc. Removing any one of these causes might serve to s tiptop any particular accident, just again each casualty may keep bac k multiple causes. numerous another(prenominal) measures ar available to improve excogitatesite precaution in construction. These include design, select of refuge device equipment, education and vigilance. By altering facility designs, particular structures can be nextr or more hazardous to construct. Choice of different sanctuary equipments plays an important manipulation in overall rubber of project. Educating workers and managers in appropriate procedures and hazards also has a calculate impact on jobsite sentry go. During the construction process itself, the most important safeguard link up measures are to insure ripe vigilance and cooperation on the part of managers, inspectors and workers. Vigilance involves bearing in brainpower the risks of different functional practices. In also involves maintaining temporary physical safeguards.1.3 learnTo study and evaluate the Safety in High Rise gimmick with excess focus on safety at construction in roof of Kuw ait departures, problems, procedures, and recommendations1.4 ObjectivesTo study and find the various(a) risks involved, and the safety issues related to construction and analysis the previous work done in this field.To evaluate the live safety procedures, policies, regulations and accident prevention methods with respect to construction industry in Kuwait.Development of questionnaire and conducting survey and audiences with the contractors and the consultants and safety engineersTo identify the root of safety problems related to construction in Kuwait and recommend potential safety programs and solutions and estimating the presumable effect on project progress and accident reductionSuggesting virtually recommendations for safety at construction based on the study at Kuwait1.5 Expected outcomesAt the end of project, a reader impart be able to understand the various risks involved in high rise construction and the various measures followed to reduce that risk. The practices fol lowed and measures developed to make high-rise construction a safer job ordain be listed in report.1.6 Resources usedThe resources that volition be used for this study will include various international papers and books regarding safety in high-rise construction. The papers and books will be generally taken from the university library and somewhat of them will be taken from the internet, while the use of internet resources will be kept to a minimum.1.7 Gantt ChartGantt Chart Project on Safety in High Rise ConstructionTASKSOctNovDecJanFebSelection of the Topic unveiling of the Project ProposalLiterature survey on the Topic calmness of the Interim ReportMain seek on the Topic finishing and RecommendationsFinal Report SubmissionCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 look fores make at external LevelIn most countries, the building and construction industry has a high set of occupational accidents. In the EU15, the rate of construction injuries leading to over three days absence from wor k exceeded 6,000 per 100,000 employees in 2005 (Arbetsmiljverket, 2008). Although this is approximately three clock times the rate in the Swedish construction industry, Swedens rate still places building and construction among the top 10 occupational sectors for occupational accidents in the country. Much effort has been made to reduce the rate of industrial accidents, mainly through technical solutions, rules, and regulation. In an interview study of the Australian construction industry, Holmes, Lingard, Yesilyurt, and De Munk (1999) found that risk was largely attributed to the personality of the work, poor individual work practices, ignorance, andwork pressure due to budgetary and time constraints. To successfully approach these sources of risk there is a need to understand not only underlying structural and organisational conditions, but also psychological and social agents. Such a broadened and deepened perspective on safety should supplement rather than replace the enginee ring approach. The concepts of safety culture and safety climate are important contributions from the behavioral and social sciences to our understanding of occupational safety. Denison (1996) declared that the concepts of organizational culture and climate both suggest the cosmos of a shared, holistic, and collectively defined social context that emerges over time. The both concepts share many features, though organizational culture places greater wildness on creating the social environs whereas organizational climate corresponds to how this social environs is experienced by the actors and consequently is more external (Denison). Zohar (1980) defined organizational climate as a summary of molar perceptions that employees share rough their work environments.Neal and Griffin(2006) defined perceived safety climate. as individual perceptions of policies, procedures and practices relating to safety in the workplace and suggested that group safety climate refers to perceptions sha red inside the group. According to organizational climate theory (Schneider, 1975), such shared perceptions will result in normative conclusions as to the correct way to comport in relation to safety in the organization. Climate serves to guide ones accept behavior and contributes to the predictability of the behavior of others (Guldenmund, 2000). Pidgeon (1991) suggested that organizational culture represents a shared heart and soul system (i.e., a system of symbols, ideas, rules, and cognitions, with certain observable behavioral consequences) furthermore, he defined safety culture as the set of beliefs, norms, attitudes, roles, and social and technical practices which are concerned with minimizing the exposure of employees, managers, customers, and members of the public to conditions take awayed dangerous or injurious. Pidgeon stated that such construed meaning systems specifywhat is important and legitimate to the group, and that this culture is created and recreated asmembe rs of the group repeatedly be withstand in a way that tickms natural and unquestionable to them, thus constructing a particular version of risk and safety. Pidgeon also suggested that it is misleading to consider only organizational or corporate culture, as the cultures of workgroups, departments, divisions, and organizations, as well as cultures at an even broader macro level (e.g., nations) are nested deep down one another as well as overlapping. Both safety climate and safety culture are socially construed phenomena and the importance of these concepts to occupational safety is generally accepted (e.g., Zohar 1980 Zohar, 2002 Donald Canter, 1994 Pidgeon, 1998 Guldenmund, 2000 Lee Harrison, 2000 Cooper Phillips, 2004 Mearns, Whitaker, Flin, 2003 Neal Griffin, 2006 Clarke, 2006b Pousette, Larsson, Trner, 2008). shoot (1993) investigated contractors safety mathematical operations at 98 di.erent con struction sites over 2 years. It was reason out that management training an d good management practices are most potential to prevent injuries which are associated with the violation of regulations. Hinze and Raboud (1988) studied safety on large construction projects the study discussed the relationships between company size, level safety policy, project level safety policy, project coordination, and economic pressure on worker safety. It was found that higher frequencies of construction accidents occurred on projects that were over budget and those that were fight tively bid.According to a Business Round Table report (Construction fabrication Institute, 1988), the cost of an effective construction safety and health program in the USA is approximately 2.5% of direct intentness cost. Successful safety programs have been developed by many construction companies and have shown remarkable results. Duponts safety training and observation program achieved good results in reducing work-place accidents (Peyton and Rubio, 1991). Bechtel inform that 83% of their projects are meeting the cryptograph goal after applying the null Accident Program this program reduced lost-time injuries in 1993 to little than half when compared with 1992 (Center to Protect Workers Rights, 1993).Hakkinen (1995), developed a training program called one minute of arc for safety management to provide safety education and training for top management. The program was applied in 100 companies and showed success in attracting managements direction to safety issues. Ringdahl (1990) designed a simple model for cost welfare evaluation of improving safety measures at companies. Jaselskis et al. (1996) presented strategies for improving safety performance on both a company and a project level.2.2 Safety problems in ConstructionConstruction sites tend to have several employers working on them simultaneously, making safety coordination in such a slashing environment a very complex process. Temporary duration of work, unneurotic with the rapidly changing character of the site are in eject contrast to regular factory production and form a in force(p) hazard to safety. These special features and problems arise from the following2.2.1. Competitive tenderingContractors often touch sensation that their bids will be considered even if they do not make right(a) provisions for safety be. In the graphic symbol of hard-pressed local authorities, attempt with government-imposed spending cuts, and tenuouser rms on the brink of survival in a business recession, this problem is usually more acute and seldom comes to the surface. These problems a.ected Kuwait after the liberation, due to expenditure cuts and a large number of low-pitched construction rms. The extent of cost cuts by government and the low number of governmental projects have increased the competitive tendering between companies in the break 5 years. As a result, contractors have been forced to reduce their prots and costs to stay in the market and allow projects to sell to other compa nies or subcontractors to secure a prot margin. As shown originally in the questionnaire distributed to construction rms, most contractors do not consider safety costs in their tenders unless it is fill outd by the contract documents. Statistics show that lost-time accident frequency rates, which ranged from 2.5 to 6 per 100,000 man-hours worked on contracts where no provision for safety costs been made in tenders, could be reduced to a range of 0.2 to 1 per 100,000 man-hours worked on projects where proper safety planning and costing had been done and the costs accepted by the client (King and Hudson, 1985).2.2.2. Lack of safety regulationsThe absence of a unied set of safety regulations adversely a.ects the enforcement of safety on the job site. The MPW has a safety chapter in its construction practices manual, KOC has its own manual, and no safety standard manual exists in KM. Projects constructed by American companies are govern by OSHA and/or the US Army Corps of Engineers sa fety manual. International standards are not necessarily applicable to the Kuwaiti work environment since methods of practice in advanced and industrial countries di.er from those used in Kuwait. separate national standards have not been updated to comply with the stark naked technology and constructability methods for example, the ban against using wooden sca.olding is not included in such standards.2.2.3. venial size of most construction rmsThe open trade and commercial pick out given to its citizens by the Kuwaiti government encourages many citizens to set up minuscular businesses, which are oddly concentrated in construction. Small construction rms with less than 10 employees account for about 60% of construction rms in Kuwait. This high proportion of small undertakings is a handicap to the spread and adoption of safe working practices. After the liberation, private housing businesses ourished, attracting many small rms and nonsymbiotic contractors with limited experienc e in building construction. These rms cannot a.ord the services of safety specialists or instructors, resulting in little opportunity for organized safety instructions all o.- or on-site. Compared to large rms, the small rms are usually short of capital and under great pressure to cut costs at the disbursal of safety. Construction at this level is a competitive arena, where the saving of a few dinars means the di.erence between success and failure. In addition, most small rms use temporary labor and may not assure continuity of work, so investing money in training and equipment for them is considered an unnecessary cost. Also, it is more dicult for government safety inspectors to inspect the work and practices of a large number of small rms than a smaller number of medium-sized and large ones.2.2.4. gigantic use of subcontractorsThe specialization of activities on building sites has been a main factor leading to the extensive employment of subcontractors. Many companies in Kuwai t determine for safe and fast prot, selling their projects to subcontractors for a certain percent of the prot. This causes many problems in coordination, safety planning, allocating safety function, and communication. In practice the e.ective control of site-safety practices is dicult to enforce when a number of small subcontractors, especially those with fewer than ve employees, are engaged on one site. The main responsibility is taken by the general contractor, who should insist that all necessary safety measures are written into the subcontractors agreement. Unless proper provision is allowed for the subcontractors to consider safety in their bid, it is doubtful whether they will take safety seriously.2.2.5. Lack of relevant accident dataIf you cannot measure safety, then you certainly cannot manage it. The lack of ocial safety data and records of construction accidents at sites makes safety the last issue to be concerned by the contractor and owner. The people on-site and at management level are not aware of safety problems, since they are not informed by the statistics or gs. of serious and fatal accidents that have occurred at sites, and the number of disabilities that resulted from such accidents.2.2.6. Extensive use of foreign laborKuwait as a rich developing country attracts many investments and working labor. The employment of migrant labor has always been a special characteristic of construction sites in Kuwait. Different labor cultures and traditions reflect on human relations, different work habits, and communication problems. Most construction workers in Kuwait are unskilled, untrained, and inexperienced, especially after the liberation. They come from poor communities of other countries and are ready to work in any job to establish a reasonable life for their families many do not see their families for 23 years in order to save some money for the future. The workers are emotionally vulnerable and preoccupied with their problems since most of them are working in unsecured conditions and not on their sponsors bail. All of these above conditions can a.ect the concentration and attention of the worker and may contribute to mistakes.2.3 Research methodology for Study in KuwaitDifferent research activities have been used to collect the necessary information and data related to this research. Among these are eld visits, questionnaires, and interviews.2.3.1. Contractors questionnaireTo understand the problems associated with the implementation of safety pro- grams in construction companies, questionnaires were mail-clad to technical managers, safety directors, and in some cases chief engineers. Key persons in companies were identied either by business contacts or by direct phone calls to the companies. Thirty-two questionnaires were mailed to various large, medium, and small-sized construction companies in Kuwait. The questionnaire cover a range of subjects related to safety, namely (1) companys profile (2) safety records (3) accident statistics (4) training and (e) safety policy.2.3.2. Consultants questionnaireAnother study was conducted to determine the extent to which designers recognize the need to address the safety of construction workers in project plans, contractors woof criteria, contract clauses concerning safety, and procedures followed at job site supervision. Addresses of key consultants were identified from a bulletin distributed by the Kuwait Engineering Society.2.3.3. InterviewsA number of interviews were conducted with safety engineers, heads of safety departments in government ministries, and company superintendents. The interviews stressed the diculties in implementing safety at job sites, government procedures and policies, safety standards, cause of most construction accidents, and methods of prevention. Interviews with contractors superintendents covered safety programs, labor behavior and companys investment in safety. Visits were also made to two major insurance policy companie s dealing with construction insurance in Kuwait. The questions covered insurance types, premiums, major accidents, companies commitment to safety procedures at the job site, labor compensation, accident records, accident investigation procedures, and insurance companies role in safety in general.References* Cooke, T., Lingard, H., Blismas, N., Stranieri, A., 2008. ToolSHeDTM the development and evaluation of a decision support tool for health and safety in construction design. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 15 (4), 336-351.* Gambatese, J.A., Behm, M., Rajendran, S., 2008. Designs role in construction accident causality and prevention perspectives from an expect panel. Safety Science 46 (4), 675-691.* Low, S.P., Sua, C.S., 2000. The alimony of construction safety riding on ISO 9000 quality management systems. daybook of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 6 (1), 28-44.* Mohamed, A. et al, 1993. Safety of cover high-rise buildings during construction. Purdue University.* Abdelhamid, T.S., Patel, B., Howell, G.A., Mitropoulos, P., 2003. Signal detection theory enabling work near the edge. In Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC-11), Blacksburg, USA. Proceedings, Virginia Tech.* Ballard, G., 2000. The Last Planner System of Production Control, PhD thesis, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Birmingham, UK.* Cameron, I., Hare, B., Duff, R., Maloney, B., 2006. An investigation of approaches to worker engagement. Health and Safety Executive, Research Report RR516, 96 p.* Cherns, A., 1978. The principles of sociotechnical design. In Pasmore, W., Sherwood, J. (Eds.), Sociotechnical Systems A Source Book. University Associates, La Jolla, pp. 61-71.* Hale, A., Heijer, T., 2006. Is resilience really necessary? The case of railways. In Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., Levenson, N. (Eds.), Resilience Engineering Concepts and Precepts. Ashgate, pp. 115-137, 392 p.* Harper, R., Koehn, E., 1998. Managing industr ial construction safety in southeast Texas. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 124 (6), 452-457.* Hinze, J. 2002. Making zero injuries a reality. Construction Industry Institute (Report 160), Gainesville, 110 p.* Hoffman, R., Feltovich, P., Ford, K., Woods, D., Klein, G., Feltovich, A., 2002. A rose by any other name. . .would probably be given an acronym. IEEE healthy Systems, 72-80.* Hollnagel, E., 2004. Barriers and Accident Prevention. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK.* Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., 1999. cognitive systems engineering new wine in new bottles. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 51 (2), 339-356.* Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., 2005. Joint Cognitive Systems An Introduction to Cognitive Systems Engineering. Taylor and Francis, London.* Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., Levenson, N., 2006. Resilience Engineering Concepts and Precepts. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK, 392 p.* Hopkins, A., 2006. What are we to make of safe behaviour programs? Safety Science 44, 583-597.* Iga rashi, R., 1991. The big picture. In Mctighe, E. (Ed.), Visual control systems. Productivity Press, Cambridge, pp. 3-12. The manufacturing plant Management Notebook Series, 1 (2).* Kolluru, R., Bartell, S., Pitblado, R., Stricoff, R., 1996. Risk Assessment and Management Handbook. McGraw-Hill, radical York.* Koskela, L., 2000. An Exploration towards a Production Theory and its Application to Construction. Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, 258 p.* Laufer, A., Tucker, R., 1987. Is construction planning really doing its job? A tiny examination of focus, role and process. Construction Management and Economics 5, 243-266.

Schindler’s List: Movie Review Essay

Schindlers nominate Movie Review trySchindlers List raft in the most horrific stoppage of world history, Schindlers List tells the real conduct story of Oscar Schindler. Set in Krakw ghetto of German occupied Poland, Schindlers List takes a look at the life and evolution of Oscar Schindler, a national socialist profiteer who changed the course of dozens of Polish Jews. Despite originally siding with the Nazis, Schindler goes on to save the lives of over a thousand Jews, who ar deemed as inhering for his enamel factory. The movie is an incredible epic of Schindler and the Jewish workers (called Schindlerjuden) he risked his life to save.Unlike in other modern movies, Schindlers List is gingersnap in black and white. While black-and-white film is non obsolete, a few(prenominal) movies of our term period utilize it and those that do often do not go for it to the best of their ability. This element is superstar of the reasons that make Schindlers List stand out from other fil ms. Steven Spielberg, the director of the movie, chose to use black-and-white to bust set up the historical atmosphere world War II. I believe his did this because many people psychologically associate WWII and the 1930s without pretext films or photography. In fashioning this choice, we as viewers are tell into the right mindset of the era on screen. While this makes the violence and thematic struggle of the film more impactful, it also helps to accentuate any of the time shifts or vital scenes shot in food colour. Like the Wizard of Oz, this forcefulness focuses the attention of the viewers and changes their psychological mindset. Clearly, the producers realized that Schindlers List would not have the same visual effect or cinematic straw man in history if they had not chosen to shoot it in black-and-white.another(prenominal) important film effect that Steven Spielberg put into Schindlers List is the use of parallel editing. This effect, more commonly known as crosscutting , weaves several contrasting scenes, and in a more larger sense feelings, together with one another. While this is of course a fun visual aesthetic for the number viewer to see, Spielberg does it to contrast the poverty and desolation of the Jewish people during the final solution with the luxury and wealth of the Nazis ruling over them. An example is the scene hook up with of the Krakow ghetto and Schindlers new apartment. I believe Spielberg does this to cross-file the irony of that service of World War II good benefits for Schindler come from anothers heartbreaking loss. This filming technique helps to accurately show us the bitter, paradoxical time period that of world history that abidenot be forgotten further has been overcome.There is a scene in the film where the Schindlerjuden present Schindler a ring engraved with the Talmudic develop Whoever saves one life saves the world entire. This phrase perfectly represents one of the main themes of Schindlers List one psych e can make an impact. theme can be seen pretty all the counsel throughout the film. Primarily, we see this theme through the protagonist Oscar Schindler. After preservation Itzhak Stern from a concentration camp, we know that Schindler goes on to save the lives of thousands of Jewish workers from mass defunctness by the Nazi Party. Although we know that millions were killed by the Nazi Party at the time the Holocaust, if Schindler had not saved them, six clock the amount of people who actually be lost (the number of descendants that came from Schindler Jews). Another example in the movie of one person making a difference is the girl in the red coat. Spielberg only uses color in four occasions in the film and one of them is on a small girl. Why would he do that? He did it to show the viewer that Schindler is starting to see the horror round him and grasping that what the Nazis are doing is evil. It is because of this young child, who even more astoundingly does not even have t o enunciate to him, that all of Schindlers actions and views are changed.Another important theme of Schindlers List is the easiness of defence reaction. This theme can be seen many times throughout the movie and in the history of the Holocaust itself. Looking at Oscar Schindler, we see that throughout much of the rising action of the film, he cares exact to none roughly the misery and persecution that the Jews in Krakw are facing. He cares only about the luxurious lifestyle and profits that he can get from swindling the Jews. Its easier to turn a blind eye and use up himself in his own greedy thoughts than acknowledge the atrocities being committed around him. Schindler is not the only one, though. Many of the Jews working for Schindler and living in Krakw refuse to acknowledge the horrors of their situation. Even when hale from their homes, shipped into cramped ghettos, many notwithstanding insist on seeing the good of the situation, even as Jews average like them are being killed at random. Another example of denial is the scene where smuggler Poldek Pfefferbergs wife worries aloud about the rumors of extermination camps. Shes heard how dozens of Jews are being gassed and cremated at Auschwitz. quite of being comforted or reas acceptedd by her fellow sufferers, they angrily rebuke her and insist that would never happen. Deep down, I am sure they knew the truth, but it was easier for them to deny it than face the cosmos of the horror surrounding them.Its quite easy to see why a film of this frantic depth about the Holocaust would make an impact on the world. Spielberg was incite to make this film because he wanted to find a way to make Holocaust victims more than just tragic statistics. Traditionally, when we are taught about the Holocaust, we are truly overwhelmed by the horrors and atrocities that were committed and this overwhelming feeling tends to most desensitize to it. We have so much disbelief that this could ever be allowed to happen tha t we cant grasp the full emotional reality of it. It is that desensitization that Spielberg works (successfully) to overcome. Spielberg achieves his intent to communicate the fear and uncertainty the Schindlerjuden had, whether it was slice they were in the ghetto, working for Schindler, or riding the train to his factory in Czechoslovakia. The audience feels like they are actively partaking in the action on screen instead of sitting passively by. We emotionally meet to each one character and devote ourselves to following their journeys outcome. This viewer-to-character connection was goal Spielberg made the purpose of his film. By truly humanizing all of these characters, the audience is forced to deal with the atrocities that the screen and history show us. He needed each viewer to see and feel invested in each of the characters of Schindlers List. He didnt want them to walk out of their theater and return grit to their mundane way of thinking. Spielberg wanted to remind the world of the horror of World War II and make it so that whenever genocide or contrariety was seen in the world, every viewer of this movie would not settle to passively sit by and do nothing.

Leaders Born Or Made Theology Religion Essay

loss jumper c equal to(p)ershiphiphip Born Or Made Theology Religion Essay legion(predicate) ask the question, be loss leading born(p) or do. Vince Lombardi stated leaders atomic number 18nt born, they ar made. They are made by hard effort, which is the price on the whole of us must pay to achieve any goal which is worthwhile. His excerpt proposes individuals are not born with the skills, seats, or expertise posited to be a leader nevertheless with hard hold, education, and experience an individual do-nothingful become a leader. Aubrey Malphurs suggested leaders washbowl be born and made. In her keep, Being attractors, Aubrey Malphurs (2003) speaks of a leaders possession of perfection good-looking capabilities (innate traits or abilities) and developmental capabilities ( manageledge, skills, and emotions) and how combined they feed up the leaders total capabilities (pp. 75-87).Malphurs book speaks mainly lead in the church, simply the instruction provi ded can be applied to any context. She defined leaders and built upon that definition by addressing the various comp unrivalednts that comprise leadership. Several audits were provided to eitherow me to determine my military social units and weaknesses in similarity to leadership. This leadership audit analysis is a aggregatemary of the results from the audits and inventories taken.Christian Leader AuditChristian leaders are Christian leaders distant of as well as inside the Christian community (Malphurs, 2003, p.13). A Christian leader can work in any context. They are able to guide, direct, and influence other(a) individuals or groups in accomplishing a in demand(p) goal while bringing glory to beau ideal. Malphurs (2003) discussed octonary core distinctives of Christian leadership, the second being committed to Christ. The Christian leader audit evaluates the military capability of an individual as a Christian leader by assessing their take of trust, commitment, and faith in Christ. I add upd a nine which indicates I am a strong Christian leader.The church and Christianity bugger off been a study part of my life. I go through a trusted relationship with Christ, I am committed, the Bible is the source of truth for e reallything that I cerebrate, and I shew my best each and every day to display Godly character. handmaiden leadership is something I try to display in the workplace and the church. In order to practice servant leadership, you must be leave behinding to serve. As a leader I am energise surfaceing to help knocked out(p) in any commission that I can. An area that I poke out to pursue growth in is confidential information by the power of the sanctified Spirit. I want to increase my reliance on Him in leading and guiding my workers as we strive to be a go bad unit and in our work with families and children. I want to be sure all I do is to praise God so that I my workers provide check out the Godly character in me and strive to do the same. allow your light so shine before me, that they may slang your beneficial works and glorify your Father which is in heaven (Matthew 516, KJV).retainer LeadershipServant leadership is the humble serve up of others based on our be intimate for them (Malphurs, 2003, p. 34). One of our purposes in life is to serve God by serving others, because by serving others we are serving God. Servant detonating device requires us to be humble, selfless servants who seek to help others with love. The servant leader audit evaluates an individuals level of servant hood. I scored a 23 and my score indicates I am a strong servant.I entered the social work knit stitch because of my strong desire to help throng. I get gladness from seeing families eliminate the barriers hindering them from improving their situations and ensuring children are placed in safe, nurturing, environments. In completing this assessment I gear up majority of the statements to be true. Malphurs (2 003) mentioned four characteristics of a servant leader humility, redevelopment, focus on others, and love (p. 34). In my work as a executive program I sincerely yours believe I display all four characteristics. Humility is very important to me in leadership. I survive never been fond of leaders who exploit their authority. I work with fellow supervisors who are quick to chit-chat attention to the fact that they are the supervisor, scour outside the workplace. As a supervisor, I want my workers to be comfortable coming to me and not see me as a domineering individual but as soul they can trust and depend on to help them out. Some areas I want to detain to progress in as a servant leader are bringing out the best in others and to lead in such a appearance that heap see me as someone who is pass oning to help others become all that God wants them to be. For we are Gods handiwork created in Christ Jesus to do good work, which God prepared in advance for us to do (Ephesians 210. NIV).believabilityLeaders must conduct themselves in ways that let people see them as credible or trustworthy. The credibility of a leader consists of having a unity between ideas, promises, actions, and achieving. Malphurs (2003) spoke of eight ingredients that contribute in various ways to building leadership credibility character, competence, clarity of direction, communication, conviction, courage, composure, and fretfulness (pp. 56-66). The credibility audit determines the strength of the leaders credibility by examining the eight ingredients mentioned by Malphurs. I scored an eleven which shows I deplete high leadership credibility.Credibility or trustworthiness is very important to me. Credibility can make or break you especially as a leader. in that respect is a saying, if youre going to talk the talk you have to walk the walk, which apparently means back up what you say with action or do what you say you are going to do. As a supervisor, my workers are forever wat ching what I do, listening to what I say, and determining if I have done what I said I was going to do. I guide with my workers roughly what is happening and they trust me to be truthful and to share things with them. They know that I truly have their best pastimes at heart. They also get wind there are some things, as a leader, I may not be able to share with them due to confidentiality.As I read the credible leader chapter of Malphurs book, I found that I must realize as a leader I will make mistakes and it is okay. I have always been a person who seeks perfection in all that I do. I want to do my best in whatever task I set out to tackle. Malphurs (2003) stated even the best leaders make mistakes (p. 67). Although we may make mistakes that can feign our credibility, we must realize there are steps that can be taken to regain it. Admitting the mistake, accepting consequences, and acting to correct the situation will allow us to regain trust and credibility when it is lost.Spi ritual gifts each Christians possess a uncanny gift that is to be used to glorify God and to build up His kingdom. Many are not informed of their unearthly gifts or may feel they dont have one. Malphurs (2003) defines a spiritual gift as a unique, God given ability for service (p. 77). The spiritual gift inventory allows the leader to make out the gifts they were given and suggest ministries in which they may be effective. My highest scoring gifts were faith, giving, help, mercy, and administration.I found the spiritual gift inventory to be interesting and I was anxious to see my highest scoring gifts. Honestly, ab initio I was concerned that leadership was not high on my list because I trustworthyly serve in a leadership role. As I reflected on my higher scoring gifts I realized that these gifts are essential for great leadership. My highest score was the gift of faith. I truly seek to grow in this area effortless. I have learned through various trials and tribulations that there are many things beyond my control and total dependence on God is the only way to endure and progress. I reckon myself striving to do things in the will of God.Giving and helping were also high scoring spiritual gifts in my inventory. The spiritual gift of help would explain the strong desire I have always had to go into a profession in which I would be able to help others. My current job allows me to help individuals in various ways. I am able to help those who cant have children foster or adopt and help those who had their children removed from their home to get the services they need to be reunified with their families. I find great rapture in my job. I would also consider myself a giver of money, time, and endowment. Ive observe that even in my season of struggling financially God continues to bring up me to be a lender and not a borrower. In the giving of my time, I am a very loyal and dependable person. If I say I am going to do something, unless some apologize cir cumstances arise I will do just that. pity was another high scorer. I believe it corresponds with the desire to help others and being a giver. As an individual who possess the spiritual gift of mercy, I am genuinely sympathetic, empathetic, and com cacoethesate about others and how they feel.Natural giftsA rude(a) gift, or talent, is an inherited or born(p) ability to do something. impertinent spiritual gifts, natural gifts can be possessed by believers and nonbelievers and normally given at birth. Natural gifts can be flourished with practice and jibeing, but spiritual gifts can only flourish as we grow in God. The natural gifts and abilities indicator allowed me to observe the vocations and occupations that I have the strongest interest in. The highest vocational interests were social work and teaching and the occupational interests were social worker, teacher, and counselor.Teaching has been an interest of mine since I was a little girl. I vividly remember playing develop with my doll babies and my chalkboard. I obtained an Associates degree in first Childhood and transferred to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington to obtain my Bachelors. An assignment for one of my courses was to go to a local school and work with a youth one on one who was having difficulty. This experience allowed me to see that teaching in a classroom was not for me. It was discovered the child had ADHD. To see the child initially display the behaviors associated with the disorder and then to see him slow down to the purport that he couldnt function a whole day at school and had to leave at 1200 every day was too overwhelming. I realized that I would have a class of approximately 20 children and there would be children with ADHD and etc. that I would not be able to give that one on one attention to. stock-still though this experience led me to obtaining my Bachelors in Psychology and enter into the field of honor of social work, I still have the opportunity to teach . I train individuals who are interested in being foster and adoptive parents and I love it. I truly believe I have a natural gift to teach or train.A natural talent I possess that was not mentioned in the natural gifts and abilities indicator is the gift of budgeting. In my current position as foster care supervisor I have to manage money on a daily basis. The gift indicator allowed me to see that I am using my natural talents everyday in my current field of work.PassionPassion refers to a strong emotion about something. Malphurs (2003) states heating focuses on what the leader feels strongly and cares deeply about (p.78). Individuals motivated by passion and desire angle to be more satisfied in their jobs. This satisfaction could lead to better job performance and less stress. The passion audit allows an individual to identify their passions. My passion appears to be the strong desire to help others, particularly children.My passion for helping others, especially children, give s me great satisfaction in the job that I do. The protection of children from physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and dependency is my motivation. My goal in this field is to ensure that a child resides in a loving, nurturing, and safe environment. I am there to help and assist the parents and caretakers who are not able to provide such an environment due to barriers. I do believe there are times when an individuals desire to do something is diminished because of restraints. For example, as social workers in the child protective services unit, we have a passion for protecting children and helping families seek the resources they need to provide a safe environment. However, sometimes we seem to get so bogged down with the paperwork and other tedious aspects of the job that our passion seems to dwindle away. The paperwork is definitely necessary but sometimes overwhelming. We have a huge turnover rate because people come to work in the field to help others but find there is much mo re required that they did not necessarily gauge the position entailed (court involvement, documentation, paperwork/forms, and etc.). I sometimes find myself getting so caught up in the logistics that I tend to forget what motivates me to do what I do. My passion is to help others, especially children.Character AuditCharacter, referred to as soul work, is the sum total of a persons distinct qualities, good and bad that reflect who he or she is and affects what he or she does (Malphurs, 2003, p.80). The manner in which an individual interacts with and treats others displays who they are. A persons character can also be determined by the way they react or respond to situations. The womens character audit for ministry determines the overall strength of the leaders character. I scored a 21 indicating I am a leader of strong character who will prove credible to followers.A saying goes, you measure a persons character by how they act when no one is watching, and by the choices they make w hen they believe no one will ever know (Myatt, 2009). As a leader and an individual I seek to uphold a character that portrays my morals, beliefs, values, and knowledge, skills, and emotions. This is an area I continue to develop in. I have recently been experiencing some unworthy in my personal life, suffering that I have seen tear others down. But God has allowed me to continue to grow and build my character and trust in Him. As a believer in Christ I know suffering will come and it comes to build our character and relationship with god. Suffering brings about patience, patience creates character and character brings about desire. I have found the experience of suffering is Gods way of showing is how we react in situations, which shows us where our heart really is. This experience can show us where we need to seek guidance and growth. Our character consists of our humility, passion, credibility, knowledge, skills, and so much more. For I know the plans I have for you, declares t he manufacturer, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future (Jeremiah 2911, NIV).ConclusionLeaders are born and made. There are some God given capabilities (spiritual and natural gifts) that leaders prevail at birth or when they are born again in Christ that can bring strength to a leadership role. Malphurs (2003) states a leaders gifts provide them with special abilities needed to carry out their ministry so leasers would be wise to know what their spiritual and natural gifts are and what gifts are needed to lead in their specific area of service (p.78). Leaders also possess God given capabilities they werent born with and that can be improved over time. Malphurs 92003) named at least four genuine capabilities a leader must possess character, knowledge, skills, and emotions (p. 80).Malphurs book, Being Leaders, allowed me to conclude you dont have to be born a leader. Leaders can be made with hard work, increased knowledge, skills, and with fa ith in God. The audits and inventories allowed me to assess my strengths and weaknesses in leadership. The information obtained will enable me to build upon my strengths and continue to develop my weaknesses. The gifts or talents the Lord blessed me with at birth (passion to work with children and the temperament) enabled me to lead in my current workplace and the skills, knowledge, and training I have received and continue to receive has allowed me to become more effective.

Roles Of The Operating System Computer Science Essay

Roles Of The operating(a)(a) System Com honker Science EssayAll reck nonpareilrs need roughly form of operating strategy so that communication between substance absubstance ab utilisationrs coatings and toilsomew atomic number 18. The OS in all case looks after the single file system. With advancement in technology OS underside now swan more than one substance ab mapr, Task or Central Processing Unit (CPU).The OS controls the communication between applications and austerew atomic number 18. For the OS to communicate with these it inst all(prenominal)s stratagem wedgers for any with child(p)w ar component that is inside the electronic computer. the device driver is created by the computer hardw atomic number 18 manufacturer and this is installed with the hardw be softwargon when installing. thereof consent toing the OS to talk to the hardw atomic number 18 its self. for practice a wireless USB organiser ( soma1.1) would install a device driver as shown in (Fig1.2) Files and brochures grass be stored on the hard drive with the help of the OS creating a file structure on the hard disk its self alter the selective information to be stored. Files atomic number 18 stored in a block of data that is treated as a single unit and is given a single name. Any files related to the alike program are put in to folders so that the program is able to find all the data needed to run the program with proscribed needing to look all over the hard drive. Folders laughingstock also be stored inside other folders if they relate to a different part of the program or even an update folder or a uninstall program in the event you want to uninstall the program. These are call subfolders. (Fig 2.1)The structure in which files are stored on a hard drive are stored in a table called file parcelling table. the table contains all the details of where all(prenominal) piece of data ( such as blocks or clusters) is held that disembowels up the file on the hard drive. Depending on how the hard drive was formatted depends on the table format and cluster size. There are two different file structures which areFile Allocation submit 32-bit (FAT32) This washstand digest partition sizes up to 2048GB (2TB) FAT32 toilette be utilise in Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000 and Windows XP(Fig 2.2).New Technology File System (NTFS)This bottomland support partitions sizes up to 16 Exabytes. 1 Exabyte is 260 bytes. With NTFS there is improved security features and elongate attributes that the previous version utilised FAT32 (Fig 2.3).FIG 2.1Folders and SubfoldersFIG 2.2 FAT32FIG 2.3 NTFSUser Interface direct systems provide the user to interact with the software and the hardware by using two founts of user interface calledCommand-line Interface (CLI) with this the user fonts commands in to the command prompt as shown in Fig 3.0 graphic user interface with this the user interacts with menus, icons and applications as shown in Fig 3.1Fig 3.0Fig3.1 diligences ManagementWithin the operating system one of the things it does is locates an application and committal up it in to the RAM. Applications a software programs such as Microsoft procedure word, Microsoft blot jump, Microsoft Office PowerPoint, Games and many more. the OS will make sure that each application has enough system resources to run the program successfully. There is also a set of guidelines used by programmers to make sure that the application they are designing will work on an OS this is called Application Programming Interface (API) two examples of these areOpen Graphics subroutine library (OpenGL) this is a cross-platform standard for mul whiledia graphicsDirectX this is a collection of genus Apis for multimedia tasks for Microsoft Windows1b.Within WindowsXP and Windows prospect Operating systems have the following features installedMultitaskingMultiuserparallel processingMultithreadingMultiuserA multi-user operating system allows for duplex users to use the same computer at different times. So this mean that each user posterior have its own logon to windows where they can have their files can be repair so that nevertheless the user can see them. they can also set the computer display up however they want to such as picture approvegrounds of the own choice and task bar settings changing the colour to their own choice. With the account been password protected and the files been stored on the same user logon this makes it secure. When logged on to the computer you can also work shift users right away what this does is keeps the first user logged on but yet locks the account and takes you back to the user logon screen and enables you to log on as a nonher user then once you have finished on that account you can just log of and then back at the logon screen you just click the first name again and type the password and you are right back in to it where you had left it so any programs that you had blossom out are st ill open and you can carry on sooner of waiting for the computer user settings to be applied making it practically faster to change between users.MultitaskingAn operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. So what this mean is that you can run many different programs at the same time. so you can be working on a document on Microsoft Office Word so the program will be loaded in to the RAM so that it can admittance it quicker when using the program. So your using the program then you need to use Microsoft Office Excel when you click open on the program it will also load it in to the RAM as well so that you can access the program data as well as the other program. This is multitasking. This would come out every time you opened a new program.MultiprocessingAn operating system able of supporting and using more than one computer processor. Most modern computers support some form of multiprocessing. Multiprocessing doesnt adopt more than one physical CPU it is simply the operating systems competency to run more than oneprocesson the system. The operating system processes data one part at a time. Each process can execute a completely different program small-arm most processes are completely independent. so if say you are hurry paint in windows and then open Microsoft office word even though it looks like it is doing them at the same time what it is doing is processing move of the program one at a time. but because of the seep in what it processes them it gives the appearance that they are doing it at the same time.MultithreadingMultithreading has many purposes one of these is to switch between different threads. However the main purpose is to increase the surgical process of a single result by monitoring and controlling the levels of threads. The tasks carried out by the user happen so frequently that the user does not actually see the threads and/or the tasks are running at the same time, with no fault. Another purpose of multithreading is used by the Operating System to break stamp out a program in use into smaller, more manageable threads when it is required to carry out this specific task. Although it does allow individual programs to be multitasked. This is done because the hardware used for multithreading regularly operates alongside the software for multitasking. It is known for some CPUs to have more than one multithreading core these are often referred to as processors. On multiprocessor, or multi- core systems, the tasks and threads generally run at the same time, with the support of each processor and/or core running a particular task on the Operating System.1c.In both Windows XP and Vista there are functions installed on an OS. These functions might be at different levels depending on the OS. These functions are-Backup FacilitiesFile ManagementSecurityBackup FacilitiesMany relievo facilities are used here are a few examples effortlessCopyNormalIncrementalDifferential Daily A periodical sustenance only saves files that have been modified on that day. This type of support does not modify the other files. Copy This type of support only copies the data and files chosen. For instance a word document is saved in one folder and you copy to another(prenominal) folder of the same OS. This backup can be found in all Windows software. Normal This type of support (full backup) is when the selected files and folders are to be stored and are archived to the hard disk drive. For example an Excel spreadsheet that is being saved for the very first time. Incremental This type of backup saves all folders and files that have been created or modified since the last modal(prenominal) backup. A benefit of this is that the backup times are faster as only the file needs to be saved. However, a drawback of this is that the recovery time of the file will be a lot longer as the data has to be restored from the last incremental backup and/or another backup device. Differ ential This backup saves all files and folders that are created or changed since each the last normal backup. These files are not archived, on the other mickle they are copied at the starting point until the next incremental or full backup is complete. Making this type of backup is important as to restore the data you would only need the last full and first derivative backup.File ManagementFile management is also very uniform in Vista and Windows XP. Generally it is a lot easier to manage files and directories in Windows XP than it is in Vista because in Windows XP the graphical user interface I find is much more user friendly. There are options to make Vista act and look like Windows XP through Start, Control Panel, way and Personalization. Both XP and Vista use NTFS file management. However, in Windows Explorer the file management enforces/performs a hierarchical structure. Below is a broken down step by step of what happens when creating a file in a directoryThe OS controls and creates the file structure and directoriesThe hard drive allows data to be stored in this structureThe file is then stored on to the hard drive and is given a name or commonly known as a single unit/nameThe directory programs and data files group all the files together and create the directory (Some directories can be stored in other directories these are commonly known as subdirectories)One last point more or less directories and subdirectories is that their commonly used name is now folders and subfolders, respectively.SecurityThere are four main ways in which to protect computer systems, these areFirewall This provides protection against any online threats.Anti-virus software which tries to protect the operating system from any malicious threats that could emit.Passwords is used to protect the contents of the operating system and is a method of controlling who access to it.Encryption is used to prevent people accessing documents they are not permitted to see.The main s ecurity feature for Windows XP is designed to unceasingly monitor the status of the computers security system settings and should a problem occur the operating system will provide a pop up to warn the user of the problem. This security system is referred to as the security centre.Windows Vista has a similar security feature called Windows Defender, however Windows Defender has a few additional features. These features include the removal of ActiveX applications and also support the use of SpyNet software.Also with Vista there is another few security features, one of them is the Parental controls. This allows the administrator toControl content of which a child can and cannot view.Limiting time allowed on the Internet or computer.Monitor what the child does and track viewed websites and content they have previously looked up.However, on both Windows XP and Vista, they use one vital piece of security the Device Manager. This is used to allow users to view and control the hardware atta ched to the computer. A piece of hardware is attached is not working, this is highlighted to the user to deal with the hardware problem. The options that the user can deal with each piece of hardware is to supply drivers for the hardware retentiveness them up to date, enable or disable devices connected to the computer, ignore break devices and to view other technical properties to do with the hardware connected.

Foreign Policies For The Malaysian Systems

immaterial Policies For The Malaysian SystemsMalaysias abroad constitution is premised on establishing close and fri lay offly relations with countries in the community of nations. Tun Razak had embarked on a series of dazzling initiatives in immaterial form _or_ system of judicature largely to draw Malaysia from its pro-western, anti communist military strength, which had been adopted since independence beneath the tunkus leadership. This is achieved through upholding the untaughts s all overeignty and promoting universal peace fostering friendly relations with orthogonal countries and defend Malaysias interests in the regional and inter cutting bena. In early(a) words, Malaysia willing slip by to consolidate its relations with sepa crop countries and planetary organisations, both at the regional and external level. Tunku razak felt this was necessitated by its national security needs, which required Malaysia to be in cool co existence with all countries, commu nist or non communist. In 1971, the year he took over as Prime Minister, he had to face the problem of britains withdrawal of its armed forces in Malaysia.Even ahead Britain had given similar commitments to Malaya since 1957 and both Sarawak and Sabah, its former colonies, until they joined Malaysia in 1963. In the superpower race, Britain was no longer capable of binding itself as a orbicular power due to the dismantling of its colonial empire, and a slow- overmatch in its economy. Although Britain indicated it might dismantleicipate in a fiver power commonplacewealth defence force, it would non brook anything like its former number of troops. In line with our objectives of promoting and protecting Malaysian national interest abroad, the Ministry has established a total of 105 missions in 83 countries and appointed 53 Honorary Consuls who provide support and help in promoting Malaysias interest abroad. Since the independence of Malaya in 1957, the nations contradictory f orm _or_ system of government has byg 1 through several phases of significant transition with different emphases chthonian five previous premierships. The form _or_ system of government has been largely determined by the established national characteristics and succession of semi governmental leadership as easily as by the propelling regional and world-wide environment.A period of consolidation ensued at a lower place Tun Hussein Onn with ASEAN becoming the cornerst oneness of Malaysias immaterial insurance policy sideline the expose of Saigon, the withdrawal of the US military presence from Southeast Asia and the invasion of Kampuchea by Vietnam. During the premiership of Tun Dr. Mahathir in 1981, Malaysia began relations with to a greater extent nations and became a symbol of a rising slope ontogenesis earth. Under Tun Mahathirs tenure, the nations remote policy began adopting a much great stinting orientation in the countrys external relations while championing t he rights, interests and aspirations of underdeveloped countries. Malaysia became the voice of the exploitation world and was a role model for umteen develop countries as it become comfortably known for its secernateicipating stance at the UN and other international conclaves. Malaysias participation in peacekeeping missions under the UN is alike a testimony of the nations seriousness in instilling the will of the international community. The fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi keep ond to ensure that Malaysia was active in the international arna. During his tenure, Malaysia play an instrumental role in the reflexion and adoption of the ASEAN Charter which has been ratified by all ASEAN member states and by and by entered into force on 15th December 2008. During this period, Malaysia was too active in expanding the focus of OIC from being an organisation focused solely on semipolitical issues into one which focuses on the socio- economicalal d evelopment of Islamic countries. Among the key elements of the 1Malaysia concept is in realising the strength of Malaysia lies in its diversity. This concept bodes well with the main vision of Malaysias Foreign Policy that is to protect and promote interests abroad and at the same meter responsibly and payoffively tot towards the building of a fair and exclusively world. Dato Sri Najib believes that the interconnectedness of nations in the world means that Malaysia would benefit in applying 1Malaysia in its efforts in diplomacy and contrasted relations. Malaysia will maintain close relations with all countries in the world and will work with like-minded nations in pursuing national interest.Malaysias unlike policy is structured upon a material of bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism where. ASEAN forms the core priority of Malaysias on-going overseas policy. Looking further a field, as a country with a strong Muslim majority, Malaysia too gives importance to the so lidarity of the Ummah and the spirit of cooperation among the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). Malaysias status as a developing nation makes it imperative for the country to engage actively in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Malaysia plays a significant role in the discordant multilateral issues that continue our interests. These issues embroil disarmament, counter terrorism, trafficking in persons, climate variety and environmental issues. As a member of the UN, Malaysia is a firm believer of international peace and security and an upholder of international law. Malaysias election as the President of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2010 and the Chairmanship of the Board of Governors of the International nuclear Energy Agency (IAEA) were a further testimony of Malaysias positive international image. The fundamental principles of sovereign equality, rough-cut respect for territorial integrity, halcyon small town of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations are the guiding principles that would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These principles break stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, support by a uniform foreign policy, has established for Malaysia a credible image in the eye of the international community. REVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION OF MALAYSIAN FOREIGN polityThe municipal challenge of phantasmal extremism is however historicly shaped by the knowledge that, as one manifestation of contemporary global spiritual revivalism, it is also a product of international muslim contact and exchange. The threat of religious ascendentism is thus perceived as being determined, to about extent at least, by an impinging Islamic world which in somewhat instances provides good and inspirational support and in others, active influence over UMNOs political competitors specifically, and its Malay muslim population generally. The expression of extremism has , however, been shaped slight by inter state relations than through channels which lend themselves slight easily to conventional state regulation.As such(prenominal), the Malaysian governments efforts at countering ill-treat islam overhear involved an intense interaction between house servant and foreign policy. The determination of wrong islam and its easy association with extremism is also increasingly cogitate to the federal governments attempt to institute an orthodoxy of belief if not of ortho- practic behavior as a means of rationalizing islam towards a particular socio-economic but also political schedule. As attempts at curbing extremism have gradually involved questions of religious authority and the toleration of divergent interpretation, they have ultimately also had a significant bearing on intra- Malayan rivalry. Frequently then, foreign policy has been busy precisely towards the management of domestic politics.The diversity of views regarding the perception and explanation of foreign policy, no foreign policy can be formulated in a vacuum. It must serve to function in a dynamic environment. Throughout its tenure, the Mahathir Administration has not always enjoyed flat relations with those states in the Islamic world which have displayed a more(prenominal) than distinctively radical character and approach to international relations. Various geographical, historical, social and political determinants contributed to formation the nature of Malaysias foreign policy and the conduct of the countrys international relations. Our foreign policy researchs to promote mutual tolerance and cooperation amongst all countries that make up the stuff of international community.Government has frequently publicized its long standing relationships with more conservative regimes in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, its relations with countries like Iran and Libya have been little well documented. Overall, Malaysias diplomatic exchange with these countries since t he 1980s has tended to remain cautious, explained in part by their expression of a more radical political agenda frequently channelled through religion. While Malaysia has often supported the official foreign policy attitudes expressed by these states toward the needs for fundamental change at heart the international system, alarm and objection have also been articulated over the chosen methods of their capacity to directly influence the domestic political answer in Malaysia has necessitated the employment of less conventional st valuegies in foreign policy by the administration.The Persian vicissitude cl proterozoic helped intensify debate in Malaysia over the revival of islam and the viability of an Islamic state in Malaysia. A more worrying domestic repercussion for the government was the revolutions indirect promotion of islams authenticity in political contestation and the boost that its success provided to parties and organizations claiming islam as their base. The governm ents initial non-commitment on the subject, however, contrasted dramatically with the clear and early articulation of support for the revolution by ABIM and PAS.Nevertheless, the establishment of diplomatic relations with the emergent Islamic body politic of Iran in 1981, came within the clean administration general dodging of publicizing its foreign Islamic friendships. Iranian officials had in fact made some attempt to explain the Islamic revolution and to express its non opposition to turn back intellectuals in muslim countries. The Mahathir administration was therefore at pains to focal point the pragmatic aspects of relations with the unexampled Iranian government, even while location them within the spirit of a shared religion. Indeed the government true some acknowledgement for its pro-islam efforts from the Iranians.Malaysia pursues an independent, principled and pragmatic foreign policy which rests on the values of peace, military manity, justice, and equality. Ma laysias foreign policy is also premised on the principles of respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in the affairs of other nations, peaceable settlement of disputes, peaceful co-existence and mutual benefit in relations. Official relations were also key towards neutralizing what was perceived as real or potential revolutionary Iranian influence over Islamic movements. Intra and inter party dynamics were to accentuate the continuing threat that UMNO and the administration perceived from the revolutions impact on malay politics and on the role og islam in Malaysian society.Foreign policy is not static. Its formulation is essentially a dynamic process. Hence, over the years, our foreign policy has evolved, taking account of the change in leadership as well as developments in the ever-changing global political and economic landscapes. Moreover, the advent of globalisation and the transformation of interstate relations brought about by new and rapid changes in information technologies necessarily means that our foreign policy has to be adjusted and fine tuned to meet new challenges in a globalised world. The evolution of the countrys foreign policy under successive quality looks reflects a pragmatic response to the geopolitical and economic changes of their times. To be continually relevant to the countrys needs, foreign policy cannot remain static. But whilst changes in fury have become a general feature of Malaysian foreign policy, continuity has also been evident. Both the change and continuity mark a higher level of confidence and maturing of the country in the conduct of its international affairs. Indeed, in many ways Malaysias leadership role has been recognised on several issues of deep interest to the developing world.As a craft nation, we are very much dependent on a peaceful international environment for our well being. Malaysian foreign policy has to be oriented to allow for a greater focus on econo mic diplomacy. In the past, when we were producing mainly raw materials for the world, Malaysia had to compete with only a smattering of countries. But now, when we have become an industrialized trading nation, we have no choice but to work harder, to compete better and to find new market places for our goods and services. We must find better ways to do business with the out-of-door world. We need to find niches in which we have a competitive edge.ASEAN IN MALAYSIAS FOREIGN constitutionMalaysia was able through the vehicle of ASEAN diplomacy to maintain a balancing act in its relations with the indo-china states which remained in a state of difference of opinion at the point of time of ASEANs formation. We have already alluded to the chaos caused by the boat refugees after the end of the Vietnam war and Malaysias diametric role in repairing some 80,000 persons to third countries. Through ASEAN, the geneva conference of 1979 was called to deal with the practical aspects of the Vietnamese refugees. Then came the Cambodia crisis and here again Malaysia played a pivotal role in setting up the partnership government of democratic Kampuchea (CGDK). Heng samrin regime, ASEAN diplomacy kept in check the conglomerate political players in the Cambodian conflict by securing the U.N. seat for the CGDK for the closely part of the 1980s.This arguably put all the political players of the Cambodian conflict in contention until the peace process took root in the early 1990s. here again ASEAN played a crucial role in sponsoring the Jakarta informal meetings. Throughout this period, Malaysias stances and policies vis-a-vis the indo-china issue followed the tempo and jabbing of ASEAN diplomacy. It was clear that ASEAN had become central to Malaysian foreign policy for its regional and global relations, even under the feisty tenure of Mahathir.The Abdullah government had also followed through the motions of its predecessors in placing ASEAN at the centre of regional poli tics and foreign relations. The ASEAN push for the construction of three forms of communities- security, economic, and socio-cultural- has also been wholeheartedly findn on board by the Malaysian government along with the ASEAN charter gestural in November 2007 at the 13th ASEAN in Singapore. It is important to behold ASEAN as a crucial instrumental of Malaysias attempt to use a countervailing and counterpoising foreign policy to handle new issues that have surfaced regionally and globally. Not less of all was the question of Myanmar or Burma, which continued to be the bugbear of the ASEAN states well into the late 2000s. At the regional level, Malaysia will continue to push for the alter of ASEAN as a regional grouping. This includes support for a whole cut back of functional co-operation on a sub-regional or on an ASEAN-wide basis, the phasing in of AFTA and the death penalty of the ASEAN investment area. ASEAN has developed and refined several(a) mechanisms and arrangements to promote trade, investment and other collaborative activities. Much of ASEANs attractiveness to the outside world is built on the economic success of its member states and their potential for greater growth. As ASEAN confronted the divers(a) challenges such as international terrorism, economic slowdown, in the face of current economic and financial crises, it is ASEANs common effort that accounted for our success.FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESFive force play Defense Arrangement, 1971Ministers of the government of Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and United Kingdom met in London on 15th and 16th April 1971. In order to librate matters of common interest to all five governments relating to the external abnegation of Malaysia and Singapore. The minister of the five governments affirmed, as the basic principles of their backchat, their continuing determination to work together for peace and stability their respect for the sovereignty political independence and territorial in tegrity of all countries and their belief in the settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means in uniformity with the principles of the united nations charter.In the context of their governments determination to continue to co-operate closely in defense arrangements which are based on the need to regard the defense of Malaysia and Singapore as indivisible, the ministers state with gratification on the development of the defense capability of Malaysia and Singapore, to which the other three governments had given assistance, and the decisions of the governments of Australia, new Zealand and the united kingdom, which had been welcomed by the other ii governments to continue to station forces there after the end of 1971. In discussion the contribution which each of the five governments would make defense arrangements in Malaysia and Singapore, the ministers logical argumentd the view of the united kingdom government that the nature of its commitment under the anglo-mal aysian defense stipulation required review and that the agreement should be replaced by new political arrangements. They declared that their government would continue to co-operate, in accordance with their respective policies, in the field of defense after the termination of the agreement on its 1st November 1971.The ministers also declared, in relation to external defense of Malaysia and Singapore thet in the event of any form of armed overture externally organized or supported or the threat of such attack against Malaysia and Singapore, their governments would immediately consult together for the purpose of deciding what measures should be taken enunciately or separately in relation to such attack or threat. The ministers reviewed the progress made regarding the establishment of the new defense arrangements. The ministers agreed that from time it might be appropriate for them to discuss their common interest. It would also be leave to any of them, participating governments to request at any time, with due notice, meeting to review these defense arrangements.METHODS AND RESPONSES TOWARDS MALAYSIAN POLICYWith its dedicated Plans of Actions and Protocols, ASEAN will move closer towards its goal of building the ASEAN Community, characterized by greater political and security interaction and engagement, a single market and production base, with free flow of goods, services, capital investment and skilled promote and a caring society, focusing on social development, education and human resources development, public health, culture and information, and environmental protection. Improvement of the invisible trade of developing countries, particularly by reducing their payments for freight and insurance, and the burden of their debt charges.The foreign policy of Malaysia continues to emphasise on the relevance and importance of ASEAN as the forum and throttle for regional dialogue. ASEAN Dialogue Partnerships, ASEAN Regional Forum, ASEAN Plus Three and East As ia baksheesh have allowed its members to engage leading powers. Improvement of institutional arrangements, including if necessary, the establishment of new machinery and methods for implementing the decisions made at UNCTAD. It is sometimes rocky to understand why even though the government is so generous in providing assistance to so many other developing countries, it yet seems reluctant to give frank and substantial aid to Malaysia.In most cases, no return fond(p) processes were resorted to. Privatization further fed into this policy. Many of the joint ventures were achieved on a government to government basis involving tit for tat negotiation methods. An example was the case of Antah Bi pissing. Fifty one percent of its equity was controlled by its local malay partner while the remaining was held by a Biwater Ltd, a British water supply and treatment company with strong political nexus to the thatcher government. Another example found in Indah Water Konsortium, a joint ven ture with british water treatment company northwest water ltd. IWK was awarded a $6 billion sewerage contract under the regimes privatization policy.ROLES OF POLICY MAKERS WHEN INTRODUCING CHANGESHaving policy space and flexibility is important is important to a developing country. The Malaysian experience also shows that if a country is able to evacuate turning to the IMF, it can also avoid the straightjacket of the IMFs mainly one size fits all policies and can choose its own policies as well as change them if they are found to be unsuitable. Malaysia initially took on several elements of the IMF fiscal and monetary policies but when these damaged the real economy, the country was able to switch to a different approach.A coherent anti- crisis strategy should be seen as an integrated package of its elements and policies. Policymakers often (even constantly) grapple with difficult policy decision s since the goals of policy are multiple. A policy instrument meant to achieve one goa l whitethorn negatively affect other goals. In a situation where there are many complex trade offs, its useful to think outside the box and seek other policy tools.In the Malaysian case, it is useful to analyze and advise the various policy elements as parts of an integrated approach and as parts of a whole policy package. Thus, each elements should be considered not only on its own merits or for its own role in achieving a particular goal but also for its function of having an effect on another element or on another goal. A particular element or policy may not have the same successful intended effect, unless accompanied by or through in conjuction with some other element of policy. Thus, the interrelationship of the elements and the interaction with one another should be appreciated.For example lowering the interest rate was important for rescuing the microeconomy and reviving the real economy but doing so would have brought down the ringgits exchange rate. A new policy instrument , fixing the exchange rate was thus introduced.This alone would have been insufficient. Besides fixing the exchange rate to the dollar, stabilization of the currency also required two additional policy instruments. If we start with even one major policy goal(reviving rate reduction), we end up with several other policy tools and goals.All diplomatic missions may apply to the MFA through diplomatic note attaching the details as prescribed. For influent visits by Head of States/Governments to Malaysia, the delegation will normally also include their countrys official media. On other occasions, official media from foreign countries may also undertake assignments in Malaysia to cover specific activities such as the Malaysian Governments socio-economic programmes, general elections, etc. To this effect, the official media from the country concerned would need to be accorded with some assistance in facilitating their assignment in Malaysia. Media accreditation for official media agencies /delegations pioneer assignments in Malaysia for the purposes of Head of State/Government visits, coverage for international conferences and filming. For media agencies attendant Head of State/Government Visits, the MFA processes and approves media accreditation requests. Applications should be made via diplomatic note attaching the prescribed details.Under regional security matters, Policy Planning segment is involved in handling issues related to ASEAN Regional Forum as well as bilateral security dialogue between Malaysia and Australia. On political and security cooperation, Policy Planning Division is responsible among others in the implementation of the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action, Declaration on the discharge of Parties in the South China Sea, broadening the support for ASEAN instruments such as the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) and the Southeast Asia.Financial nakedness poses serious dangers to developing countries and can be avoided. Too much openness in the financial sector can make a developing country vulnerable to financial speculation, to sudden or large movements of foreign capital, and to volatile movements in the exchange rate. If a country were to maintain an open financial policy, it risks losing the ability to determine its own macroeconomic policies. Thus the country may find it desirable not to have such an open financial policy.CONCLUSIONThe greatest challenge would be to extract the lift out from the process of globalization and to give our best to the system. And in return to contribute towards making the world a much more peaceful and trustworthy place to live in, to provide leadership within our region and to test exemplary and responsible membership of the international community. The economic dimension of globalization has been even more disappointing. The financial crisis that descended upon East Asia in 1997 brought about not only social misery and economic disaster but political instab ility as well. Massive Unemployment, negative growth, stock market crashes and blunt currency devaluation have pulled down millions of people below the poverty lines. And now, we are anxiously watching the effects of the possible economic meltdown following the global financial crisis. Fundamental principles governing interstate relations would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These refer to sovereign equality and mutual respect for territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations and peaceful co-existence. The so-called constructive intervention policy advocated by some, involving loud criticism, adversarial posturing and grand standing would only bring more harm than good to the promotion of neighbourly relations. We do make exceptions to the policy of non-interference in certain extreme situations. The bloody cruelty, genocide and atroc ities perpetrated by some struck our conscience. Such peculiar situation calls for pragmatism on our part in the interest of humanity whilst recognizing the central role of the UN in resolving the problem.Malaysias activism at the international front has of course attracted attention and reaction from various quarters. Malaysia had been the target for criticism for being too vocal. But this is something that we need to take in our own stride if Malaysia is to be proactive at the global level. Our foreign policy principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia certain believability in the eyes of the international community. The years ahead therefore would see our foreign policy specially oriented towards not only ensuring Malaysias domestic success but also internationally, as a geopolitical and economic player at the global level.

Hades Essay -- essays research papers

The ancient Greeks portrayed the infernal region as a define for all the dead and clearly visualized it in their myths and legends.The lowworld in Greek mythology was non a lively place, for it was where all the dead souls went. When a person died, the soul would be sent to nether region, a more buckram name for the the pits. "The dead would go to Hades because there was no eradication in the Greek mythology. The dead are dead because they have a flavorless and unhappy existence".The primary ruling deity of the underworld is Hades whose brother is genus Zeus, king of the gods, and whose parents are Cronus and Rhea. Hades is a esurient god with his greatest concern being to increase the number of his subjects. He is very stubborn ab off letting people out of the underworld. Hades himself, rarely leaves the underworld. In one myth, however, we know of a time when he did leave his soulful domain. Hades became very lonely in the underworld, and went higher up and kidn apped Demeters daughter, Persephone, for his wife.Persephone, nonetheless, was not Hades only significant other. Hades had a mistress called Minthe whom Persephone later transformed into a plant. Hades is also cognise as the god of wealth due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has been said to possess a helmet that was given to him by the Cyclops. This helmet has been said to get up him invisible. Hades lent it to gods and mortal men. Perseus used the helmet on his quest for medusoids head and Athena, goddess of battle skills, put to use the helmet so the god of war, Ares, could not notice her.Persephone, Hades wife, is the goddess of spring and the Queen of the underworld. She resides in the underworld for only six months of the year due to Hades kidnapping her. She was told not to eat anything for then she would have to remain in the underworld. While in the underworld, Persephone consumed six pomegranate seeds. Her mother Demeter, goddess of agriculture, threw a f it. Demeter complained to her brother Zeus. To be fair, Zeus stated that Persephone would have to remain in the underworld one month per seed each year. So, Persephone now resides in the underworld six months out of every year.When the Olympians overthrew their father Cronus, the Olympians pull straws to see who would rule what part of world. purge though Hades, also known as the Roman God Pluto, drew the straw for the underworld, there... ...h crystal windows and because there is little or no sun thereabouts, the apartments are illuminated with diamond lamps.One tradition involving the underworld occurs supra Hades. When a person died someone would place a coin under the tongue of the victim. Charon, the ferryman, would not take any soul across the River Styx who did not have the coin. Those who didnt would roam the banks of the river for eternity.Achilles once said to Odysseus when he entered the underworld on his journey home to Ithaca "Do not speak soothingly to me of deat h, glorious Odysseus. I should choose to serve as the hireling of another, quite than to be lord over the dead that have perished".In honorable mention to the River of Forgetfulness, Plato said "They were all required to drink a measure of the water, and those who were not saved by their good sense, drank more than the measure, and each one as he drank forgot all things".Therefore, the underworld was a place of internity. The Greeks believed strongly of the Underworld and displayed it in their myths and legends. From courageous heroes to punished miscreants their was a place for everyone, living and dead, in the Underworld.

Importance of Being Ernest :: essays papers

Importance of beingness Ernest Oscar WildeThe world has seen many capable literary writers. One of the more famous appeared in the late nineteenth century. Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland on October 16, 1854. His life produced award-winning poetry and extremely acclaimed plays. Although he had a troubled childhood, Wilde gained large popularity for his outlandish wit and get personality. Despite his overwhelming public appeal as a playwright, Oscar Wilde lastly died a sad and lvirtuosoly death.Oscar Wilde grew up in small hall in Dublin, Ireland. His father was a well-known eye surgeon, and his mother was a poet a writer. On February 14---St. Valentines Day--1895, London was choked with a major blow storm. But this could not prevent the opening night of The Importance of Being anxious, at the St. Jamess dramatic art, from being a major social event. This was in sectionalization due to the stunning popularity of Oscar Wilde in the theatre The Importance of Being Earne st was Wildes fourth popular West End play in lonesome(prenominal) three years, and An Ideal Husband had only opened a calendar month before and was still playing to packed house at the Haymarket Theatre a few blocks away. Fashionable London was out in force, in their almost elegant clothes. As a tribute to Wildes dandified aestheticism, women wore sprays of lilies as corsages and many young men wore lilies of the valley in the buttonholes of lapels of their tailcoats. Wilde spent most of the performance backstage, but he was nevertheless dressed to the nines(p) in what one biography called the depth of fashion his coat had a black velvet collar he carried white gloves a green scarab striation adorned one of his fingers a large bunch of seals on a black moir ribbon watch chain hung from his white waistcoat and, handle the young men in the stalls, he wore lilies of the valley in his buttonhole. Audiences came dressed in evening formal to opening nights then in fact, you had to transgress evening formal dress any night if you wanted to pattern in the stalls (what we call the orchestra) or the dress circle (the premier(prenominal) balcony). And this was true not only at the St. Jamess Theatre but throughout Theatreland, the entertainment district in the West End of metropolitan London.

The Use of Creatine in Sports Essay -- Athletics Steroids Drugs Sports

The Use of creatine in SportsThe first weeks of my senior epoch of football were the toughest times I had ever had in my life. We had two practices a day. We had one practice early in the morning, and one late in the afternoon. Physically, I wasnt at a level akin most of my teammates. I felt like I couldnt do anything on the high civilize level plus I was being thrown around like a rag doll. I indispensable something that would help me gain my potential. Thats when I tried creatin.I started go forth taking small doses of creatine as an energy booster before practice, noticing that I wasnt getting tired and knocked out(p) of breath like I once was. I continued to give the supplement before I did any type of exercising activity, although I never exceeded the daily amount. I used the supplement for about(predicate) tether weeks, noticing tendon development and body fat loss all everywhere my body. Gradually, I started reducing my dose each day until my supply was gone. In m y short three weeks of taking creatine, I gained about 4-5 pounds of lean muscle. I was being noticed in practice and was getting more vie time in games. I was still unsure about what consequences I would have to face if I continued to use the substance. I needed to know more. Everything has a price l wanted to figure out what mine could be.Its been called the drug that separates the great from the greatest. It has helped athletes all over the world reach their potential. Creatine is an all natural food and supplement drug that plant like anabolic steroids without the side make. It has the capability to help produce muscle mass, energy, and speed all in one pill.Over the past fewer years, creatine has become a controversial issue in the acrobatic world. A lot of research has been put into creatine although long-term effects are left unknown, leaving the controversial question of whether creatine should be legal or illegal.Being a former user of creatine showed me how I could max imize my potential athletic ability, although leaving me cynical about harm to my body. I wanted to know more specifically how it whole shebang on the chemical level and major side effects and precautions I should take if I were going to continue using the supplement. The only route for my to find the answers to my questions was with research. I began interviewing people who knew more about creatine musical composition at the same time I began my own rese... ...arch 12, 1999 Bernards, Neal. War on Drugs. San Diego Greenhaven Books, 1990.Creatine and Muscle Building. Online in stock(predicate)http//www.mayohealth.org/mayo/askdiet/na/get960901.htm, April 14, 1999.Creatine FAQs. Online forthcominghttp//www.nutrasense.com/nutrasense/creatine.html, March 13, 1999.Dreyfuss, Ira. Online Availablehttp//www.nando.net/newsroom/aploth/1996/mor/feat/archive/091596/mar/75430.html, March 15, 1999. high-pitched Power Creatine. Online Availablehttp//www.whole-salecreatine.com/1013/faq.htmJall oh, Ali. Telephone interview. 27 April. 2000.Klein, Scott. Creatine. Online Availablehttp//nimbus.ocis.temple.edu/sklein/ABOUT, May 6, 1998London, David. Creatine Concerns in England. Online Availablehttp//www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/wc98/full/wc98.htm, April 5, 1999.Marks, Alexandra. Schools Wrestle with Bulk in a Bottle. The Christian Science Monitor. September 30, 1998.Mumby, Chris. Personal interview. 2 Mar. 1999.Potratz, Adam. Personal interview. 3 Mar. 1999.Sahelian, Ray. Creatine Natures Muscle Builder. Online Availablehttp//www.raysahelian.com/creatine.html, March 12, 1999.

journeyhod The Inward Journey in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Ess

Inward Journey in totality of vileness tinder of Darkness is a book about one domains journey into the depths of the African Congo. He travels to a key out where, the changes pay off place inside(Conrad 15). For a man named Kurtz, his journey went deeper into Africa then he could guide ever expected. Kurtzs journey into Africa terminate up be a journey into the darkness inwardly himself. At the beginning of the journey, Kurtz was a hefty man who believed in bringing cultivation to Africa. You see near of Kurtzs great intentions in a lot of his writings. When Marlow was reading them, he said, He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, must necessarily step forward to them (savages) in the nature of supernatural beings-we approach them with the might as of deity, and so on, and so on. By the simple exercise of our will we can apply a power for good practically unbounded, etc. etc(Conrad 50). In his writings, Kurtz belie ved in apply the power of Europe for good. He believed in coming to the Africans as a God, not as a conqueror. You also see his good intentions in a picture that he painted. Marlow saw it and said, Then I notice a small sketch in oils, on a panel, representing a woman draped and blindfolded carrying a started torch. The setting was somber-almost moody(Conrad 27). The picture gives you an idea about how Kurtz felt before he left-hand(a) for the interior. In the picture, the darkness is Africa and the woman represents Europe. The light that she is holding represents knowledge, or the acculturation that Europe is trying to bring to Africa. Kurtz believed that he was bringing light to Africa and he expressed that in his picture. Even though Kurtz we... ...se. But his soul was mad. beingness just in the wilderness, it had looked within itself and by Heavens I control you, it had gone mad. (Conrad 65) Marlow constructly states here that by being in the wilderness, Kurtz w as alone and isolated. Through this isolation, Kurtz had found himself. To Marlow he was mad, but he was unsounded clear about himself. To Kurtz, he might have been mad, but he had ultimately found out who he really was. Throughout the book, Kurtz struggled to shape his accredited self. In the beginning he believed in bringing civilization for the great good, but by doing this, he was forced to realize the putrescence within himself. Through the loneliness and isolation of Africa, Kurtzs journey ended up being a journey into the darkness within himself. whole kit and caboodle Cited Conrad, Joseph. rawness of Darkness. W.W. Norton & Company New York. 1988. journeyhod The Inward Journey in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness EssInward Journey in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a book about one mans journey into the depths of the African Congo. He travels to a place where, the changes take place inside(Conrad 15). For a man named Kurtz, his journey went d eeper into Africa then he could have ever expected. Kurtzs journey into Africa ended up being a journey into the darkness within himself. At the beginning of the journey, Kurtz was a good man who believed in bringing civilization to Africa. You see some of Kurtzs good intentions in a lot of his writings. When Marlow was reading them, he said, He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, must necessarily appear to them (savages) in the nature of supernatural beings-we approach them with the might as of deity, and so on, and so on. By the simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good practically unbounded, etc. etc(Conrad 50). In his writings, Kurtz believed in using the power of Europe for good. He believed in coming to the Africans as a God, not as a conqueror. You also see his good intentions in a picture that he painted. Marlow saw it and said, Then I noticed a small sketch in oils, on a panel, representing a woman draped and blindfolded carrying a lighted torch. The background was somber-almost black(Conrad 27). The picture gives you an idea about how Kurtz felt before he left for the interior. In the picture, the darkness is Africa and the woman represents Europe. The light that she is holding represents knowledge, or the civilization that Europe is trying to bring to Africa. Kurtz believed that he was bringing light to Africa and he expressed that in his picture. Even though Kurtz we... ...se. But his soul was mad. Being alone in the wilderness, it had looked within itself and by Heavens I tell you, it had gone mad. (Conrad 65) Marlow clearly states here that by being in the wilderness, Kurtz was alone and isolated. Through this isolation, Kurtz had found himself. To Marlow he was mad, but he was still clear about himself. To Kurtz, he might have been mad, but he had finally found out who he really was. Throughout the book, Kurtz struggled to find his true self. In the beginning he believed in bringing civilization for the greater good, but by doing this, he was forced to realize the corruption within himself. Through the loneliness and isolation of Africa, Kurtzs journey ended up being a journey into the darkness within himself. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. W.W. Norton & Company New York. 1988.