System Design Methodology Essay Example for Free

System Design Methodology EssayNewbiz Telecommunication Services is a caller that sells mobile phones, mobile accessories, prepaid cards and another(prenominal) items related to telecommunications and mobile computing industry. The comp whatsoever intends to unwrap a system to manage its inventory needs. This system will be utilize by the companys staff and management to monitor the movement of its stocks.Among the many reasons why the system is required atomic number 18a. The system enables the company to reduce labor and typography costs since many of the daily functions will then be automated. b. It allows employees to concentrate on their jobs rather than spending time on searching records. c. Human errors sess be reduced e.g. calculation error might lead to wrong billing to the customers. d. It allows the company to keep track of its stock levels as late reclamation of inventory can result in insufficient stocks to meet customer demands. e. The time it takes to proc ess sales to customers can be made faster. Faster retort time means that sale of items can be quickly closed. f. It presents a good image to the companys clients leading to more confidence in the company. This allows it to gain a competitive advantage over its competitor. g. Inventory levels can be closely and easily watched with the new system as the management has fracture control over inventory levels. This is because inventory levels atomic number 18 updated every time a sale to customer is made and whenever new stocks arrive. find Requirement judicial admissionAimThe aims of this assignment are to* Develop skills in choosing an appropriate traditional methodology * Develop skills in applying structured techniques that are relevant to the chosen methodology * Develop skills in analysing and recording the requirements of a system * Develop skills in analysing and developing different views of a system * Develop skills in developing a prototype, with suitable interface, from conception through to implementation * Demonstrate a knowledge of the fundamental issues of HCI by applying interface design principles to a prototypeAssessmentThe supply assessment marks of this group case study is 100% (50% of overall module marks)Outline of TaskYou have been given the task to analyse, design and develop a prototype for the given Case Study. Your class will be divided into groups. Each group will comprise of 2 or 3 team processs. Part-A is a Group Component, to be completed in a collaborative manner (60%). Part-B is an Individual Component, to be completed by each member of the group respectively (40%).Suggested Presentation FormatThis project is a group effort and should be treated as though you are proposing a system for an organisation. The following is a suggested minimum report format. It is recommended that your report contain at least the followingPART-A GROUP COMPONENTCover foliateYour cover page should contain the standard information such as UCTI Log o, Subject Title, System Name, etcTable of ContentsThe table of contents should have the melodic theme title and reference page number attached to each topic.IntroductionThis should allow in your task, the scope of the proposed system, and the objectives for the proposed system.Schedule Planning Gantt Chart PERT CHARTThis should include your groups schedule on this assignment and the dates and tasks and the responsible group member(s) has to be included in your schedule. All this information should be shown in a Gantt chart, PERT Chart and Workload Matrix (sample workload matrix attached).Problem Analysis Current SystemsBrief analysis of the current system including description of the constraints and opportunities for the proposed system.Overview Proposed SystemsAn history of how the proposed system solves the existing problems and addresses opportunities.Process Model for Proposed SystemsLogical process model0 Context diagram1 level 0 DFD2 Level 1 DFDs for the Level 0 proces ses3 Level 2 DFDs for the Level 1 processes (if any)4 Process Specification (e.g. Structured English, decisiveness Table and Decision Tree)Data Models Proposed SystemsLogical Data Models5 Entity Relationship Diagram, showing named relationships, cardinality (mandatory/optional), and cardinality (one-to-many, one-to-one, etc)Data Dictionary for Proposed SystemsPresent at least THREE data Dictionary for any of the Attribute / Process / Entity within your project. Clearly show Data flows, Data Stores, Processes, Source and Sink, where applicable.Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)* Discuss the principals that you have considered / applied into creating the GUI of your system. allow the principals of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) where applicable.Prototyping* The assignment requires you to use a contemporary prototyping tool that permits the instruction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to develop a prototype. * Visual raw material is the recommended architectural planming enviro nment. Other tools such as Delphi, PowerBuilder, Visual Caf, PHP and etc are allowed. * NOTE You are not required to produce a fully functional program (such as inclusion of database and online components) which may be beyond the scope of this module.PART-B INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTSelection of MethodologyThis purpose involves individual (member) donation to this assignment. Each member is required to choose and explain a suitable (distinctive) methodology for the project. The whole discussion should not exceed 800 words. * Compare and select a suitable IS development methodology for this your case. State the reasons for your choice. * Explain the purpose, structure and scope of the methodology. Include any frameworks and/or diagrams as aid. * Explain in detail how your project will be developed according to the methodology. Include the tools and techniques that are recommended within the methodology and their use in your project. * The application of the methodology should be elabora ted at your the final presentation.Project Presentation* Present your solution and suggestion including explanation of each section of your topics.* A demo of your actual prototype.* A detailed presentation of your individual component.- appellation Deliverables and Conditions* Your group needs to hand in the group case study on the due date mentioned on the cover sheet of the assignment, with all the inevitable components as suggested above. Clearly sapparate and indicate the Group component and Individual component in your documentation. * Final Documentation has to be word processed, printed in A4 size base (double sided preffered) and professionally bound. The maximum of 5000 words is recommended. * Please consider the environment and dont print unnecessarily. Include all your work (copy) into an optical disk, to be attached to the documentation.This could be used to scan for plagiarism. Any additional / redundant materials could also be included into the optical disk.. * Incl ude the list of references / bibliography and appendices where necessary. * Include a Workload Matrix, indicating the contribution of each individual for each required component (shown in percentage) and should be signed off by each team member, attached to the APPENDIX part of the final document. * The presentation will be conducted according to the date time allocated to each group. Late submissions will not be assessed unless extenuating circumstances are upheld.

History of Gaming Essay Example for Free

History of Gaming EssayGaming has been around since the late 1960s far later than I had position, for me I had always thought that the Atari 2600 was the scratch line gaming system cognize to mankind, and after starting my research I found out how wrong I was. In this part of the teams study I depart discuss the different types of this engineering thought it history.In 1967 the first gaming soothe ever was created and was named the Brown Box. A German natural television engineer Ralph Baer and his colleagues created the Brown Box which worked on your basic standard television set. Working with a firm call(a)ed Sanders Associates, Baer along with co-workers drew up schematics for a naughty which was called the chase game, and they built a vacuum tube circuit that connected to the television. Two players controlled dickens squ ares that basically chased each other on the silver screen, at that point in time gaming was born. Baer and his associates later added a light fun and developed a total of 12 games for the Brown Box. fast(a) forward five age after Baer and his associates created the Brown Box, Magnavox began production of the Magnavox Odyssey. The Odyssey was called the first commercial picture show-game console and was marketed in Magnavox TV dealerships. The Odyssey used six cartridges to play up to twelve games.The Odyssey downfall is that m whatever TV dealers didnt see any potential in it and along with the false rumor that it only worked in Magnavox televisions appall the popularity of the gaming systems. In 1972 Nolan Bushnell founded Atari and three geezerhood later in 1975, they had their first smash hit with an arcade game called Pong. Atari sold a home interpreting of the game Pong through Sears under the Sears Tele-games label. What made Pong unique was that it produced an on-screen score and sound all by single chip. With his first system Nolan Bushnell and Atari prospect to the top of household gaming. Knowing that some o f not anything last forever especially a single game system popularity, Nolan Bushnell and Atari started working on a cartridge based system, one that could play multiple games. In 1976 Bushnell Sold Atari to Warner Communications, and Warner immediately covering fireed the Atari project, and the Atari VCS later renamed the Atari 2600 was introduced.The Atari was a loose hit and had multiple game hits to go along with it, hits like the ever popular Spaced Invaders, Breakout, Missile Command, and Combat just to name a few. Atari was the first ever massed produced home video gaming system, selling 400,000 systems and hitting sales figures of $120 million dollars during the first Christmas season in 1977. In 1980 Mattel rickd Intellivision, and was the first to take a run at Ataris gamming thrown. This sparked what some would like to call a console war between Atari and Mattel. Intellivision featured subscribe out game graphics and synthesized voices in video games. twain systems brought on other game developers like Coleco and Activision, but with so many of the games existence unlicensed games and no household system lead to gaming effort crash in 1983-84 cause in many companies to file bankruptcy. Nintendo, a Japanese based company became part of the gaming industry in 1985 with its release of the Nintendo Entertainment System.With some of the most popular titles ever like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Legend of Zelda and that of third party games like Tecmo Bowl and RBI baseball, the NES turned the non-believers that didnt figure it was a good idea to get into gaming after a crash, into believers. In 1987 Sega released its gaming system which dwarfed the capabilities that its predecessor, the NES, had offered. It was called the MasterSystem but it didnt make the swash that many in the Sega camp had thought it would make, due to its lack of third-party games and other things it was the demise of the MasterSystem and the first failing of Sega. Se ga went directly prickle to the drawing board and shortly after released its first hit the Sega coevals in 1989. Backed by many game developers like Electronic Arts, the Sega Genesis opened the door for the first ever battle for supremacy for gaming dominance.Four years after the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo released its sulfur smash hit, with the Gameboy. Gameboy was dubbed the as the first ever handheld gaming console and had a black and white screen. Tetris one of the most popular Gameboy games ran the Gameboy sales through the roof. With many make-overs throughout the course of history Gameboy move to stay relevant in gaming. 1990 was the release of SNKs Neo-Geo a 24 bit home gaming system that was said to be many years ahead of its competitors and its time. The Neo-Geo had one problem, it wasnt 2-D graphics those were great, it wasnt its arcade level quality that was what everyone wanted, it was neither of those ii things that helped the Neo-Geo fail it was its $650.00 price tag and its $200.00 games that took the Neo-Geo from great cosmos to under achiever. In 1991 Nintendo releases the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.Beaten to the punch by Sega with its gaming system the Sega Genesis, the 16 bit SNES had some catching up to do. It wasnt long before the SNES thanks to its technological superiority, had overtaken the Sega Genesis thanks to its big name games like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Zelda. By the end of the 90s Sega Genesis was no much than an afterthought for SNES who had taken over the 16 bit era and the gaming industry. It wasnt till the year 1995 that Nintendo again was challenged for its gaming dominance. Sony introduced the Sony PlayStation a 32 bit CD-ROM based technology and has been said to be the most popular gaming system ever. The games had three dimensional gameplay much better than the 2-D of the past. What was the most attraction to any gamer was the price of the games which dramatically dropped compared to those of cartridge based games. It was also in 1995 the second daytime of September that the Sega franchise basically started its demise.This day marked the release of the Sega Saturn, which was dubbed the best worst system, according to many. Because it was pushed up to get out ahead of the invigoratedly announced PlayStation 2, it gave the Sony corporation time to sit back and polish the upcoming PlayStation 2 and learn from the mistakes that the Sega Saturn was making. In 1996 the Nintendo franchise countered the PlayStation with the Nintendo64, the last cartridge based system. Although the cartridges loaded faster than the CD-ROMS of PlayStation the Nintendo64 couldnt even keep up with the amount of games that were released for the PlayStation, leaving the PlayStation on top of the gaming for the time being. It was in 1998 when Sega made its final push as a contender in the gentlemans gentleman of gaming with its release of the CD-based system Dreamcast, w hich incorporated a 128-bit bear upon system.The Dreamcast was the first system that had a modem which al menialed for internet connectivity that brought on the talent to play online, download special(a) content and updated to the system itself. This would be the last time that anyone would here from the Sega franchise in the console industry. In 2001 Sega discontinued the Dreamcast and announced that it would be leaving the console market for good and taking its Sonic franchise with them. Four years after the release of the Nintendo64 and five years after the first initial PlayStation, Sony releases its second version of the PlayStation 2. The first 128 bit system featured backwards compatibility allowing the PS2 to play the older PlayStations games, and also could be used as a DVD player. not only was the PS2 named most popular 128 bit system but with its release it marked the rise of console popularity played over the internet. 2001 was the introduction of the old twat with a new system and the new kid on the block in gaming.Nintendo hit the gaming market again going away from its usual cartridge based systems and introducing its first ever CD based system. The GameCube was marketed more(prenominal) for the younger demographics and is said to be what made the system flop and sell short. on with the inability to connect to the internet it was called a one trick pony and was behind in the gaming world and home entertainment systems. The now new kid on the block Microsoft introduced its own gaming system the X-box. The PC giant used PC technology when building the X-Box which allowed for greater performance. Although the X-Boxs technology proved greater performance when compared to that of the 128 bit PS2 it still remained behind the number of sales that the PS2 had leaving Sony alone at that top of the gaming world.In 2002 Nintendo stepped back in with the Gameboy Advance and again in 2004 with the Nintendo DS. Some would argue and go as far as to say that all Nintendo did was step on its on toes with how they released the two versions so closely together. By doing so experts say that they made the Gameboy obsolete by releasing the DS so soon. Playstation soon joined Nintendo in the hand held gaming evolution, challenging Nintendos dominance. The PlayStation Portable like the Gameboy and DS featured wireless(prenominal) capability, high graphics and non-gaming functions mimicking PC-based devices. 2005 also marked the release of the Microsoft X-Box 360. The processing power of the X-Box 360 was said to be unrivaled, and all came with an internal potent drive, played DVDs and had the ability to connect four controllers at one time wirelessly, as well as connecting to the internet.The Nintendo Wii was released in 2006 and featured a built in WiFi for online game play, wireless controllers and Bluetooth. The wireless controllers werent new to gaming but what Nintendo did bring to the table with their wireless controllers was the m otion sensor technology, allowing the game to mimic the performance of the actual player. 2006 is also when the Sony franchise again exerted its dominance and rivaled back against Microsoft X-Box 360 with the PlayStation 3. The PS3 came with an internal hard drive as well and the ability not only to play DVDs but also Blue Ray DVD, along with its ability to connect to the internet wirelessly and connect multiple controllers wirelessly, it is said to be still atop the gaming industry, but again thats all in who you ask.These two systems, PlayStation 3 and X-Box 360, along with the Nintendo Wii brings us to where we are now with gaming in what is called the 8th Generation of gaming. Every year the three gaming giants Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo continue to shriek us with different and greater gaming innovation that keeps the rivalry for gaming dominance going on and going strong.In the last few years the X-Box 360 stepped up the gaming war and has released technology that gets rid o f the hand held controllers all together The Kinect from Microsoft has in reality stepped up its technology and has gotten rid of the controller period. The Kinect set the Guinness hand of World Record for the fastest gaming system ever and watch overs highly recommended by many consumers and game developers.Recently it was reported that Microsoft X-Box 360 is gestateing to compete with railway line television providers announcing that its consoles get out allow the gamer to watch television through it. All of the consoles allow you to watch things like Net Flicks and get on the internet and surf the net, but rivaling cable providers thats a big step. I look for Sony and Nintendo to sit back and wait to see where this goes before they follow in the footsteps of Microsoft, as they have previously done, but I dont think they will jump right on board with this because of fear of failure and losing money. If you are a gamer a hardcore gamer you have to be excited for the coming(p renominal) of gaming, from a standpoint it looks bright and exciting. With rumors of Sony releasing the Playstation 4 and the system having touch screen technology it has all the gamers grinning from ear to ear about what the future of gaming actually may be. Gaming has already developed full 3D gaming technology and 3D motion sensors and powerful graphics and they look to continue to improve upon these technologies.Many have argued that consoles in the future will in the end fall by the wayside making way for hand held portable gaming to be the dominate gaming systems in the future. Of course this upsets many hardcore gamers because they dont see that as being a plus since many like to play their games on a larger scaled screen. With that being said many say the IPhone 8 will probably be the future of gaming and going as far as to say it although it is a hand held device it will be able to plug into a television set or even connect wirelessly to continue to give that big game expe rience. Many say that the future of gaming is mobile, digital, and cloud gaming. The better gaming system is said to be one that you flock take anyplace and everywhere. Most of the time even of if home many gamers are even using mobile gaming at home, some experts say up to 47% of gamers are mobile gaming even at home. Mobile gaming is not just the casual gaming it used to be and has changed the way all gamers view games.Spending approximately 16 hours a week compared to that of the 18 hours of traditional gaming some say digital is the way of the future and hardware doesnt matter anymore. The type of hardware you use never really ever did matter, it has always been about the software. Hardware will be less and less relevant in the future and it will be more about the software. With cloud gaming it is becoming more and more of a reality and with two client services already launched it is coming along full troll. The angle of cloud gaming is to offer high definition gaming on any television or device that can receive a broadband signal with even high-end games that can be played on devices that get low power. In a CNNTech report back in September of 2008 had reported that a future release of the Emotiv EPOC headset. The Emotiv EPOC headset is said to be the first Brain reckoner Interface and would be able to pick up on over 30 different expressions all by processing real time disposition activity.With this technology many enthusiast say that this type of technology makes movies like The Matrix and the school principal Trek Holodeck more of a reality in the future. Me in person I am kind of skeptical about that type of technology, and even though experts say that being able to control a computer with your foreland is the ultimate quest of human to machine interaction, I still dont feel any better. In those movies, well all except Star Trek, the machine had a way to take over. So all I see is me playing the video game and the machine taking over my judgem ent and it controlling me and then the earth being run by machines. Well that is how it works in the movies hopefully this wont be the case. The goal of this though is for the interactions of machines to mimic the way interaction with humans and they say it will ultimately bring communities closer together, so I guess that is one thing we will have to wait to see in the future.So with that being said there is no clear cut way to know which way the future of gaming is actually going, but seeing how far it has come since the Brown Box it is very interesting to sit back and see what the technology produces. At one point in time it was all about transistors and diodes and now its about multiple processors, internal memory, and real life graphics. Whats more gaming consoles are no longer just gaming consoles they are now the full true definition of Home Entertainment, with internet connection, streaming unison and video and HDD, it is truly a new age for gaming. Social media and social networks has become a big part of many of our lives, well I really should say all of our lives. With that gaming has also being a part of that as it is being input into the Social Medias like Facebook.Many game makers look to theses Social Medias to see exactly what the gamers are taking to and what they are not taking to. World of Warcraft is one of those who uses social media to help them develop more of what they think users want to see and how they want the game to operate and it is actually one of the largest virtual game worlds due to just that along with Second Life which heralds itself as a virtual social world. Social Medias focus on building blocks, identity, conversation, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups, and many gaming systems that can connect to the World Wide Web can do just that.These gaming technologies give you the opportunity to engage with others from around the world no matter where they may be. Facebook has gaming that lets you connect w ith others and build a farm or a city and share with each other and allows you to help keep up someone elses farm, building relationships with people anywhere anytime. No matter what you think about gaming and the gaming technology it has come a long way from where it started and there is no telling where it will go. It is a mainstay in the lives of many of people and I am sure that the technology will only get better or more interesting from here into the future.I do myself wonder what is attached will the whole computer to brain interaction ever come full circle or is it just a past thought. Will Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo continue to stay on top or will a unknown company come along and knock all of them off the throne. I guess all we can do is sit back watch wait and see what that next big technology is and who will be the first to come out with it. Right now its more or less of a time lag game, the Kinect was a big jump and gaming technology and, I love to sit and watch my kids play on it, I have even been known to play on it myself, gaming technology is what keeps many of us known and connected so there is nothing wrong with that.Works CitedAdmin. (2012). The History of moving-picture show Game Consoles. computergameoffer.com. Bellis, M. (n.d.). Computer and Video Game History. About.com. Edwards, B. (2009). 30 Years of hold Game Systems. PC World. Johnson, J. (2008). From Atari Joy Board to Wii fit. BBG.Melanson, D. (2006). A Brief History of Handheld Video games. engadget.

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of Time

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of TimeThe philosopher, social scientist, historian and r organic evolutionary, Karl Marx, is without a doubt the most influential socialist thinker to emerge in the 19th century. Although he was more often than not ignored by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, frugal and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement afterwards his death in 1883. Until quite recently almost half the population of the world lived under regimes that claim to be Marxist. This very success, however, has meant that the original ideas of Marx hand oftentimes been modified and his meanings adapted to a great variety of political circumstances. In addition, the fact that Marx delayed publication of many of his writings meant that is been only recently that scholars had the fortune to appreciate Marxs intellectual stature.It is difficult to know what effect this would have on his later philosophy, barely we do know that Marx would be antith etical to religious belief, at one time pronouncing it, the opiate of the massesAfter schooling in Trier (1830-35), Marx entered Bonn University to study law. At university he spent much of his time socialising and rill up large debts. His father was horrified when he discovered that Karl had been wounded in a duel. Heinrich Marx agreed to pay off his sons debts just insisted that he travel to the more sedate Berlin University.Educated in the best universities in Germany at Bonn, Berlin and Jena, he was greatly influenced by the most prominent scholar of the previous generation, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. As youth turned to middle age, Karl Marxs views became more radical and finally hardened into the body of thought we know today. His journey to this point took him out of Germany where the newspaper he edited, the Rheinische Zeitung, was suppressed by the Government. He moved to Paris in 1843 and later to Brussels in 1845.Marx himself considered his theory of surplus-value hi s most important contribution to the progress of economic analysis (Marx, letter to Engels of 24 August 1867). It is through this theory that the wide scope of his sociological and historical thought enables him simultaneously to place the capitalist path of production in his historical context, and to find the root of its inner economic contradictions and its laws of motion in the specific relations of production on which it is basedMarx was partial derivative to Hegel and his theories and was influenced by Hegels views that history was a dialectical process. He did not adhere to Hegels spirituality . He was also influenced by Fuerbach, Saint-Simon, Proudhon and Bakunin. While living in Paris, he began to associate with the working clasas for the first time. He began to formulate his thought that revolution was the key to achieving balance between the upper class and the working class. He wrote and rundle on social change through revolution. He believed that there was great ener gy between proleterians and capitalists. Marx began to appeal to more of the common people during the early feeling days. American educatin became aware of soviet discipline reforms during the 1920s and through George S. Counts who visited Russia and brought their instructional system of reform to light in America. But only a guiltless 10 years later, American educators did not think societ cultivation was good.The theory associated with Marxism was developed in mid-19th century Europeby Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Although Marx and Engels did not write wideabout education, they developed theoretical perspectives on modern societies that havebeen social functiond to highlight the social functions of education and their concepts and methodshave served to both theorize and criticize education in the reproduction of capitalistsocieties, and to support projects of alternative education. In this study, I will first brieflysketch the classical perspectives of Marx and Engels, hi ghlighting the place of educationin their work. Then, I lay out the way that Marxian perspectives on education weredeveloped in the Frankfurt School critical theory, British cultural studies, and otherwise neo-Marxian and post-Marxian approaches grouped under the label of critical pedagogy, thatemerged from the work of Paulo Freire and is now global in scope. I argue that Marxismprovides influential and robust perspectives on education, still of use, but that classicalMarxism has certain omissions and limitations that contemporary theories of society andeducation need to overcome.The young Marx and Engels thus perceived that without education the workingclass was condemned to lives of drudgery and death, but that with education they had achance to create a better life. In their famous 1848 Communist Manifesto, Marx andEngels argued that growing economic crises would throw ever more segments of themiddle classes, and the elder peasant and artisan classes, into the impoverished situ ationof the proletariat and would thus produce a unified working class, at least one withinterests in common. They tell that the bourgeois class is constantly battling againstthe older feudal powers, among its own segments, and against the foreign bourgeoisie,and thus enlists the proletariat as its ally. Consequently, the proletariat gains educationand experience which it can use to fight the ruling class.The Marxist approach to education is broad constuctivist and emphasises activity, collaboration and critique, rather than passive absorption of knowledge, emulation of elders and conformism it is student-centred rather than teacher centred, but recognises that education cannot transcend the problems and capabilities of the society in which it is located.The Soviet, Chinese, and other Communist states were at most only partly structured along Marxist classless lines, and spot such Communist leaders as Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong staunchly claimed Marxist o rthodoxy for their pronouncements, they in fact greatly stretched the doctrine in attempting to mold it to their own uses. The evolution of varied forms of welfare capitalism, the improved condition of workers in industrial societies, and the recent demise of the Communist bloc in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have tended to discredit Marxs dire and deterministic economic predictions. The Soviet and Chinese Communist regimes did not result in the disappearance of the state, but in the erection of huge, monolithic, and largely inefficient state structures.In recent years, many Western intellectuals have championed Marxism and repudiated Communism, objecting to the manner in which the two terms are often used interchangeably. A number have turned to Marxs other writings and explored the present-day value of such Marxist concepts as alienation. Among prominent Western Marxists were the Hungarian philosopher Gyrgy Lukaisand the Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci, both of wh om viewed Marxism as a liberation from the rule of political economy and believed in its relationship to the social consciousness. Marxisms influence can be found in disciplines as diverse as economics, history, art, literary criticism, and sociology. German sociologist Max Weber, Frankfurt school theorists such as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, British economist Joan Robinson, German playwright Bertolt Brecht, British literary critic Frederic Jameson, and the French historians of the Annales school have all produced work drawn from Marxist perspectives.

Factors that are Affecting the Environment

Factors that are Affecting the Environment1D.8Identify the human activities that doctor the b all(prenominal) and its environment.There are various human activities that affect the Earths environment these are Air Pollution from burning of Fossil fuelsWater Pollution from use of fertilizers and dumping of trash2D.P8Describe the human activities that affect the Earth and its environment.Air pollution from burning of Fossil FuelsThe transportation used in day to day life produces a lot of smoke and harmful ordnanceses such as Carbon Monoxide, Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide. It is released in the air from the combustion of fossil fuels this pollutes the air. Inefficient engines release excess carbon monoxide a poisonous gas harming organisms in that environment. Sulfur dioxide can mix with wet in the clouds and form an acidic solution which kick downs to acid rain, this acidity damages plants and aquatic ecosystems as slightly organisms cannot survive in acidic environments. Ac id rain also damages and erodes some man-made structures such as limestone statues etc. Carbon dioxide emissions also contribute to the global warming of the planet, as it builds up in the atmosphere it gradually traps heat which over time raises the temperature of the planet this can be dim to all ecosystems and environments.Water Pollution from use of fertilizers and various waste materialsThe rise of capitalism and consumerism has led to a result of various products and food being produced at a faster rate. Modern Agriculture uses many synthetic fertilizers which dominantly contains the essential nutrients for plant product such as nitrogen, potassium phosphorus. They are given to plants to enhance their growth maximize their yield. When applied, the excess fertilizer or nutrients can leak from the soil into nearby water sources as the minerals are very soluble in water this pollutes the water and starts the process of eutrophication and harms the aquatic ecosystem. Eutroph ication starts whenExcess fertilizer enters a water source such as a lakeThe excess fertilizer in the lake boosts the growth of all the aquatic plants at an elevated scaleAlgae overtime covers the surface of the lake preventing sunlight from reaching the plants underneath, in turn, the plants die and group O is no all-night produced from them.The dead plants in the lake then are decomposed by aerobic bacteria which use the oxygen up while doing so, this leads to a gradual decline of oxygen in the lake.Over time the lake goes lifeless as there is no longer enough oxygen to sustain the aquatic organisms in itFertilizers are fatal to aquatic ecosystems and environments in excess. In addition sewage and waste products can also runoff or end up in aquatic environments and every kill the organisms in it or pose a serious hazard to its inhabitants.1D.9Identify natural factors that have changed the surface and atmosphere of the Earth.The Natural factors that have alter the earths surface and atmosphere are Earthquakes from the movement of architectonic platesVolcanic Eruptions from Volcanic employment2D.P9Describe natural factors that have changed the surface and atmosphere of the Earth.Earthquakes from the movement of tectonic platesAn earthquake is a sudden violent movement of the upper crust caused by either the movement of expectant tectonic plates or heavy volcanic activity. When the tectonic plates suddenly move it causes the entire ground to shake and break apart.some earthquakes make the ground shake so violently that it destroys entire landscapes and environments. However, earthquakes can also cause landslides and tsunamis, change geology and ruin natural habitats of many living creatures. For instance, when an earthquake happens in the middle of the ocean, it can create waves that are so large that they destroy coastlines, cities, and forests hundreds of miles away.Earthquakes have helped to shape the Earths landscapes, but they also continue to alter t hose landscapes. Earthquakes are dangerous to human, plant and animal life, and when large earthquakes occur, they have the power to drastically change the surface of the Earth.Volcanic Eruptions from Volcanic activityVolcanic eruptions involve the incursion of liquid magma into a physical environment, and the effects include major trans establishments, ranging from the formation of new land to the destruction of the viability of an existing environment. Just one example of the creation of new land comes from the Hawaiian Islands, which appeared as magma cooled into land after eruptions.As lava flows across the ground in the wake of a volcanic eruption, any existing plant life is at risk of immediate destruction. When lava mixes in with break up snow or rain water, the flow speeds up, and the environmental effects accelerate as well, because the destructive effects of the lava largely remain, but the spread is generally wider and takes repoint more quickly.An example of this took place in Montserrat when Chances Peak entered a phase of eruption between 1995 and 2000. In 1995, the mountain began giving off signs of coming activity through eruptions of ash and dust. The most intense eruptions took place in 1997, and 11,000 people were evacuated to the northern end of the island as well as to other islands.The result of the eruptions have-to doe with the covering of the capital in mud and ash, and the destruction of more than a dozen settlements which have been rendered uninhabitable.

Post Modernism And Globalization Cultural Studies Essay

Post Modernism And Globalization Cultural Studies EssayPostmodernism is a very key sacred scripture in our times its not just another buzz word. Postmodernism conditions our thoughts as well as our politics, it conditions our art as well as our architecture, it conditions our frames of entertainment, and it conditions and shapes our economic, social, and cultural activities. In this post modern world, all that we do is expected to be in line with the current dictates of postmodernism. We can watch postmodernism, hear it, feel it, experience it, subscribe it, be awe- struck by its activities, shop in its precincts live and even breathe it. Its certain that slowly but surely that postmodernism is taking oer the give of the world and its inhabitants in fact postmodernism has taken over our being, and inculcated its traits into our system, where its yet, its hurriedly taking that direction. Postmodernism transcends modernity and traditions which includes culture and identity. Globali zation is a notion of postmodernism and dictates channel without allowing for a personate of different opinion (FAV, 2000).David Harvey, while looking at the condition of post modernity, explained how the extraction of the surplus profits since the inception of post modernism from the productivity of international companies as well as the completion between them as opposed to territorial natural differences. He pointed out that now territories are forced to make do amongst themselves so as to draw transnational capital coronation. He argues that cities region and/ or organizations are required to make themselves attractive if they have to attract into their territories the manufacturers, tourists, service or convections which given their nature of mobility can potentially be placed at any position in the globe. The strategies of differentiation of spaces are defined by Harvey as active Production of Places having some special qualities. This production fabricates the characteri stics making a place idiosyncratic and peculiar which is a very significant in drawing investors to a city (Harvey, 1992).The issue of constructing and selling a citys or regions image has become vital in the new urban politics and the current market strategies in most of the post-industrial regions and cities. The characterization of Herveys development of city marketing and/ or place making that is often accompanied by a transport to postmodern styles of urban design and architecture as novel urban entrepreneurialism. Harvey argues that the active production of places with special qualities becomes an important stake in spatial ambition between localities, regions and nations (Harvey, 1989, p. 295).At this point its good to mention that the consequences on the population (city, region dwellers) inhabit somewhat unclear. The effects of identity formation and the alternates associated with the marketing strategies remain unclear. The question of whether they will alienate some p arts via social and cultural strategies or integrate the population is also not clear. The issue of the identity that would be found most suitable for the entire city or region is hard to decipher. The question of the segment of the population that is represented is also found to be hard to answer. The redefinition of a citys identity may keep taking place as more postmodernism and globalisation continues to take place (Heidenreich, n.d).Case Study BatamThe citizens of Indonesia distinguish Batam Island as aheaven of opportunities. Its one of the three thousand islands making up the Riau Archipelago. This island has a rapid growing population. The island over the last few years has been experiencing development into a major tourist and industrial field of operation attracting numerous investors and headache people from the other Indonesian islands. The area has changed from the traditionalisticly fishing community to the current business status. The history of this island took a new direction from 1969 when it was do the support base PERTAMINA Oil Company (State owned) In 197, the region was declared as an industrial area through a prudential decree and after four years Batam authority was formulated. All this changes took place as a take of industrialization and globalization (Good Hyde, 2008).The growth of Batam Island led to many changes in the initial cultural and economic life, consequently the identity of the region and of the individuals. The transformation of Singapore resulted to a profound change on Batam Island. The island was just a mare fisherman and coconut growers land by 1960, with very few people knowing anything about it by whence it had only three thousand fishermen and farmers. There was an immense growth with a population of about 700, 000 by year 2005. Its believed that many of the immigrants had been lured by rumors of a lucky economy in the island. The culture of the residents have completely changes with very little farming a nd fishing taking place, to day the islanders are associated with golf courses, gated community coexistence, marinas, karaoke bars, squatty communities, brothels and prostitution business because of the booming hotels and tourism industry. The island is also renown today for its Batam/Riau entertainments Web site that is known for its fantasy, all this changes are as a result of postmodernism and globalization impact in the society (Good Hyde, 2008, p. 223).The culture of the working class has also fallen victim of active production of places that aims at making Batam island an investment land. The working-class has been increasingly marginalized in this new culture and economy. Most of Indonesian men lead conspicuous consumption lifestyles, with the availability of drugs and sex at displace prices depending on an individuals economic power. On the other hand the women labor for the rapidly increasing middle class, catering for the desires of Singapore men. Its has been observed that gender roles and identities have changed with the changes in this island, women are found to be managing well in the formal as well as informal roles as opposed to years back preceding to the newly developed active production of places (Good Hyde, 2008). manila paper in PhilippinesThe city of manila has a unique position in the countys political geography. The city has over the years defied the law common to governance of the other cities forcing the administration to formulate special laws as well as government systems from the 16th century during the Spanish rule. Its a metropolitan city. The establishment of the city was for merchants and trade center between the Chinese and South East Asian merchants. The colonialism of the Chinese living here by the Spanish forcing them to pay tax and denying them free trade led to a number of conflicts between the Chinese and the Spanish (Chacko, 2004).Globalization and postmodernism did not bypass Manila city residents in the endeavor to make all the cities productive and attract investors from without. Creative destruction argues that if evolution is to take place, new ways of doing things must step up and be proven superior to the old systems. Globalization of any city or region is reflected through variety of hotels, restaurants, clothing worn, and language spoken among many other traits. The city architecture is also a clear depiction of globalization effect within a region. The city has over the years made efforts to embrace the new economy while struggling to maintain her traditional and cultural traits. The sky scrappers within the city that stand parallel to traditional create are a clear reflection of the struggle. There are some citizens who have refused to sacrifice their cultures for economic prosperity while others argue that the cost is charge it. This has led to many of the citizens adopting the contemporary approaches to accommodate the development and to attract more investors into the city w hile there are some few communities and individuals who continue to relate to old traditions, identities and cultures (Chacko, 2004).In the endeavor to provide a better environment that will attract more investors, the cities and regions authorities have formulated policies that are meant to protect the immigrants and to enable them to be uttermost productive. There are new concepts that are been adopted by countries and cities that will facilitate human rights of the labor force so as to avoid their being treated as tradable commodities. Many of the states have institutionalized the human rights via the United Nations Human Rights Charter. This has led to doing away with some traditional cultures that violate such rights, consequently altering cultures of some people. Some of the issues that the people in the international bodies that are established takes care of is like trafficking, gender violation, security department of children rights among other major factors that affect the immigrant labor force (Piper, n.d.).The protection of human rights have shifted from the local bodies to the international human rights bodies such as the United Nations, supranational labor Organizations, KFSB, CATW, GAAT just to mention but a few. All these bodies have policies that they inculcate in their member countries that force the governments of those nations to adopt them renouncing any local indemnity that contradicts those policies. For example, there were some nations where traditional commercial sex was permitted as a right of a right of a woman to sell her body as any other product that she may be taking to the market place. Such rights contradict with the policies of STV which is a foundation of women against trafficking. The implication of any nation judge STV is that some of the rights that can create loopholes opening women to violation have to be withdrawn, whether traditionally acceptable or not (Piper, n.d.).ConclusionPostmodernism has become an insepara ble region of the contemporary world. Everything is done in line with the demand of the postmodern world. Postmodernism has brought about the concept of globalization with every region adopting it as a means of care at par with development. Cities, regions and nations have over the years been changing in the endeavor to attract investors, for their growth. The changes as shown in the two case studies Batam city and Manila the capita city of Philippines have led to changes in some traditional cultures and traditions. In todays world all the systems have become global in an attempt to attract more investors consequently changing their cultures and traditions to accommodate the international investment-climate.

African Elephant :: essays papers

African ElephantThe common name is the African Elephant, the scientific name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the order is Proboscidea, and the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are the Asian Elephant, mammoths, primitive proboscidean (mastodons), sea cows, and hyraxes. Scientists believe that the African Elephant evolved from one of its closest relatives, the Sea Cow. The geographical location and range of the African elephant covers all(a) of central and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are isolated populations that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Also in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks rigid in South Africa, as well as several other countries. African Elephants, originally, were found in all of the Sub-Saharan African habitats except retire from steppes. Elephants still occupy diverse habitats such as temperate grassland, equatorial savanna and gra ss lands, temperate forest and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scrub forest, and tropical deciduous forest despite their drastic decline in numbers. However, their migratory patterns and habitat use have changed, due to the fact that they are restricted to protect areas. The elephant can exist in many types of environments but it prefers places that have many trees and bushes, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They also like warm areas that have wad of rainfall. This ensures plenty of food, shade, and water. The elephant prefers a habitat of mixed woodland and grassland which gives them an opportunity to course a variety of vegetation. African Elephants are considered herbivores, they are both browsers and grazers they will eat rough sticks, stems and leaves of plants as well as grasses, sedges, and fruit. Their favorites are mangoes, berries and coconuts. An elephant eats up to 500 pounds of vegetation every day and drinks up to 50 gallons of water daily . Elephants moldiness consume these giant quantities of food, due to their poor digestive system. The small intestine is 82 feet long, the large intestine 21 feet long, and the rectum adds a further 13 feet. The worry with the digestive tract lies in their gut elephants have too few symbiotic bacteria. These are the organisms which help break down the cellulose of plant cell walls by producing enzymes called cellulases. The most remarkable feature of the elephants digestive system is its 5 feet long appendix, bigger than the stomach.

Platos Allegory of the Cave and Jumping Mouse :: Allegory Jumping

Platos Allegory of the Cave and Jumping Mouse Truth is like trout. Slippery, it becomes difficult to grasp tightly in any attempt to catch it, and is even more difficult to show to other people, in that when one holds it up for scrutiny it is often mixed-up in the struggle to do so. Jumping Mouse and Platos The Allegory of the Cave have a common theme in the form of the search for truth, and viewing this truth to the unenlightened. They vary greatly, however, in the carrying out of their exposure of truth, and more, their view of truth and how it is to be handled. In the ancient story of Jumping Mouse, Mouse finds his focusing to the river and medicine through his ability to literally jump past his fears and see the sacred mountains. When he does so, he catches a glimpse of a personal wad that is to drive him through the remainder of the story, and eventually to a higher plane when he is changed into an eagle. This vision is everything to him from that particular on, and he str ives from then on to reach it. afterward he has seen it and fallen into the river, he returns to where the rest of the mice are worry with the same thing they did when he left. They are enthralled in their narrow worlds and views, and so care him with fear when they see him. They choose to make a story to explain his physical change, an excuse to stay away from him, possibly because they fear the ideas of change he brings back with him. On the most basic level, Jumping Mouse at that point threatens their existence. They are mice, and defined by the fact that they are ever busy burrowing and nesting and foraging Jumping Mouse comes back with the idea that this might not be the only thing to life. Obviously they cannot simply drop everything they had known to that point and take up his view, so they instead rejected him. Platos Allegory of the Cave is similar in that a fabled and nameless man who had been chained to his illusions was repose free and saw the true nature of all th at was around him, outside of the cave. When he hypothetically returns to try to tell those who are still chained in that respect of the outside world, and how everything they see is only the faint shadows outlining the true nature of reality, they reject him outright.